Today we will be interested in youduration of working hours. This feature is extremely important for all staff. After all, in which case you can complain about your boss or earn some money, and it's completely legal. When determining the working time, it is necessary to take into account the scheme of implementation (regime) of the actions stipulated in the employment contract. So what awaits the modern employees of this or that company in Russia?
Definition
So, the first thing you need to understand about which specific period of time we are talking about. What is working time? The definition of this term plays an important role in drawing up a work schedule.
So, working time is called execution periodsjob descriptions of certain employees, as well as other time periods that can be attributed to work (for example, business trips). We can say that our today's concept is a segment in which a person works (goes to work).
As a rule, the work schedule plays an important role during working hours. Depending on it, the norms for finding the fulfillment of official duties per day are established.
How time is taken into account
Some wonder how the employershould monitor the length of time spent at work. According to the modern legislation, each chief necessarily keeps a record of the worked-out periods for each subordinate. If he does not do this, you can complain. And then the employer will be held accountable.
Usually, accounting is made based onduration of the working day. If for some reason you took a day off or missed a job, everything should be fixed. So do not think that accounting only serves the subordinates.
Types of graphs
The time modes can be different. They are set at the discretion of the employer. Each of them has its own peculiarities. What forms of work can be distinguished?
To start a little about the replacement schedule.Usually it is applied when the production / functioning of enterprises goes beyond the "framework" of the duration of work by employees per day. That is, when the maximum permissible operating time is exceeded. Under similar circumstances, the whole working day is divided into 2-3 shifts. There may even be night periods.
There is also a flexible schedule.It allows employees to control their employment on their own. Only the fact of time worked is fixed. This form of labor is also called a "rolling" schedule. In fact, you are required to work out the deadline set by employers, but you can perform job duties for a day at any time.
Some citizens mayconcept, as an irregular working day. TC RF provides for the definition of this term. It implies the occasional involvement of employees in the performance of their duties. The most unloved form of labor.
In principle, these are all the main execution modesjob responsibilities. You can also face such concepts as part-time work and part-time work. They also have their own characteristics. But not too significant.
Dependence on the category of citizens
Duration of working hours for the RF Customs Codedepends not only on the selected operating mode. There is one more point - this is the category of employees. Or rather, their age. Of course, the type of labor is also taken into account. At the personnel who are engaged in harmful or dangerous manufacture, performance of duty regulations per day is less.
Please note - the working day will differschoolchildren, ordinary minors who do not study anywhere, as well as adults. This is an important moment, which is also prescribed in the Labor Code. It is necessary to pay close attention to it. After all, often the age of the employee is not taken into account!
In Week
The main limitation is the compliance ratejob descriptions (regardless of the work regime) for a week. It can be exceeded, but only with certain conditions. So how much can you work on this or that week?
According to the established rules (Article 91Labor Code), for all adults, the norm is set at 40 hours. In other words, in 7 days, this or that frame can work as much as possible. But the length of the working day depends on the mode of operation and the frequency of performance of official duties.
In harmful and dangerous production work is necessaryless. Only 36 hours a week. The same number of minors who have reached the age of 16 can work. Disabled persons are also entitled to a reduced working week. They should work out only 35 hours. That's not all! Children under 16 can not work more than 24 hours per week.
It is also worth paying attention to the fact that inschool time all schoolchildren can not perform official duties more than half of the norms established earlier. That is, in the period of 16-18 years, during training it is impossible to work more than 18 hours, and to hexadecimal - more than 12 hours.
Per day (adults)
How many people work on average per day?The first thing to pay attention to adult employees. They are the most in Russia. It has already been said that the most common variant of the development of events is the shift work schedule. The duration of the shift can not exceed 8 hours. This restriction applies to all citizens. In this case, work will have 5 days a week.
For citizens engaged in harmful production,too, have their limitations. They have a working day shift of 8 hours (with a 36-hour work week) and 360 minutes (with labor at 30 hours for 7 days). The same rules apply to personnel performing hazardous work.
How to be disabled?They have a working time per day set according to medical indications. This feature has to be taken into account. Of course, you can not exceed the total established weekly rates. Otherwise, you can complain to the employer.
Minors
Now you can pay attention to the shots that are not yet 18 years old. The work of minors has many characteristics. Employers should approach this issue with special responsibility.
Working day of minors depends on theirage and the fact of learning. If the child does not study, then on the day (up to 16 years old), he has the right to work for 5 hours, after the sixteenth birthday - for a maximum of 7. But when learning to work a maximum of 2.5 and 3.5 hours respectively. And nothing more.
On the eve of holidays and weekends
A changeable work schedule (like any other) is usuallyis reduced on the eve of weekends or non-working days. Usually 60 minutes are taken away from the established rate. This means that, on average, an adult citizen will perform his job duties not 8, but 7 hours. If it comes to 6 days of work per week, then you can work no more than 5 hours.
How to deal with organizations that need to workconstantly? In this case, work on holidays or the official weekend is either paid in a double amount, or rest is transferred to any other day. The second option is most often found in practice. Therefore, if you worked on a holiday and have not received an additional payment, you can demand either monetary compensation (it is usually issued at a double rate), or a day off when you so wish. To refuse to you simply have no right. That is why it is so important to keep a record of the worked-out periods for each subordinate.
Night shifts
So, the average length of a working day isthe average subordinate is 8 hours. But what if you need to fulfill your working obligations at night? In this case, your shift is reduced by an hour. That is, if you usually work for 8 hours, you can leave your job 60 minutes earlier. The exception is the case when the cadres are hired specifically for labor in the night shifts.
What is the night time?According to the Labor Code, this is between 22:00 and 06:00. So we get the statutory limit of 8 hours. Attention, not everyone can work at night! Who gets banned?
Minors and pregnant women can not work at night under any pretext. Persons with disabilities are also not allowed until night work. Neither for 7 hours, nor for 1 hour.
Workmanship
In some cases, employees remainmore than the set time on their own. This work is called sub-work. In this case, the working time per day increases. As a rule, at the discretion of a subordinate. Only with certain restrictions.
It's all about the fact that working part-time per day is capable ofthe maximum is 4 hours. Stay on such an act can be no more than 16 hours a week. This type of increase in earnings is not too common. Usually, the employer forces himself to stay for additional work duties.
Overtime work
This option is called overtime work.It also has its own limitations. Usually, overtime is left only with the written consent of the subordinate. Otherwise, you can not leave citizens forcibly to perform work duties. By the way, both part-time work and overtime work are fixed in the cumulative accounting of time, which should be on each subordinate. Depending on its indicators, your salary will be calculated.
What restrictions are there in this case?The duration of working hours for the Labor Code of the Russian Federation with overtime can be increased by 4 hours. It should be noted that it is impossible to work in this form for more than 2 days in a row.
Overtime is what people likeemployers. Many believe that in this way you can leave subordinates to work as many times as you want. But here too the legislation has its own peculiarities. It does not matter if you have a flexible schedule, or not. But in a year you should not remain on the initiative of the employer to perform job duties in the workplace for more than 120 hours. On average, this is 30 days, given that your day is increased by 4 hours of overtime.
Restrictions for employees
Remember, not all employers canleave on own initiative at work additionally. The thing is that juveniles can not be left behind on any pretext. Neither with the permission of the parents nor with the personal consent of the subordinate. It is illegal. Also under restrictions get pregnant.
But disabled people can be attracted to overtimework. The same applies to women who have children under the age of 3. In this case it is necessary to take their written consent for additional work. Remember, these categories of subordinates have the full right without explanation to refuse from overtime performance of official duties. Forced to recycle such a plan, no one has rights.
Conclusion
Now it is clear what the duration of the workerday in hours is put in this or that case. There is still such a thing as a free schedule. Usually it means the free work of subordinates. They are given work for a certain period. And they themselves must form their day so that by the specified date everything was done. It does not often occur, usually freelancers work this way.
As you can see, not everything is so difficult to understand asit seems. What is the average working day? Hours established by law depend on many indicators. But on the whole it is, as already said, 8 hours.
In practice, these norms are usually violated.Both employers and subordinates. In some cases, even under-age cadres constantly work for 10-12 hours a day to learn how to pay for their work. Do not be afraid to complain to the employer if your rights to work are violated. If you are sure that the accounting of the time spent for the performance of work duties is not performed, or it is carried out with a "fit", profitable superiors, you will be able to stock up with proofs of the actual time interval at work. The duration of working hours for the RF Customs Code must be observed without fail!
