The style stratification of speech is its characteristicfeature. At the heart of this bundle are several factors, of which the main one is the sphere of communication. The sphere of individual consciousness - everyday life - and the informal atmosphere associated with it engender a conversational style, the spheres of social consciousness with the accompanying officiality nourish the book styles.
There is also a difference in the communicative function of the language. For the colloquial style of the leading is the function of communication, for book styles - the message function.
Among the book styles, the artistic style of speech stands out. So, his language is not only (and maybe not so much) a means of communication, but also a means of influencing people.
The artist summarizes his observations with the help ofa specific image, through the skillful selection of expressive details. He shows, draws, depicts the subject of speech. But to show, you can draw only what is visible, specifically. Therefore, the requirement of concreteness is the main feature of the artistic style. However, a good artist will never describe, say, the spring forest directly, so to speak, in the forehead, in the manner of science. He will select for his image a few strokes, expressive details and with their help will create a visible image, a picture.
Speaking of imagery, as the leading stylethe line of artistic speech, it is necessary to distinguish "image in word", i.e. the portable meanings of words, and the "image through words." Only by combining both, we get an artistic style of speech.
In addition, the artistic style of speech has such characteristic features:
1. Sphere of use: works of art.
2. Tasks of speech: create a living picture depicting what the story is about; To convey to the reader the emotions and feelings experienced by the author.
3. Characteristic features of the artistic style of speech. The statement basically happens:
- figurative (expressive and living);
- specific (this person is described, not people, in general);
- emotional.
4. Typical language means of style:
- Specific words: not animals, but wolves, foxes, deer and others; did not look, but drew attention, looked.
- Frequently used words in a figurative meaning: the ocean of smiles, the sun is asleep.
- Use of emotionally-appraising words: a) having diminutive affection suffixes: bucket, swallow, white; b) with the suffix -heat- (-owat-): loose, reddish.
- The use of verbs of a perfect kind, having a prefix for indicating the beginning of the action (the orchestra played).
- Using verbs of the present time instead of verbs of the past tense (I went to school, I suddenly see ...).
- Use of interrogative, incentive, exclamation suggestions.
- Use in the text of sentences with homogeneous terms.
Examples of the artistic style of speech can be found in any art book:
She shone with forged bulat
The rivers are jet stream.
The Don was terrible,
The horses snored,
And blood froze the backwater ... (V. Fetisov)
Quiet and blissful is the December night.The stanitsa sleeps quietly, and the stars, like guards, are watching vigilantly and vigilantly to make sure that the fret was on the ground so that confusion and discord do not lead the Lord, do not disturb the shaky agreement, do not move people to new svar - they are already fed up with the Russian side A. Ustenko).
Note!
It is necessary to be able to distinguish between artistic stylespeech and the language of the work of art. In it, the writer resorts to various functional styles, using the language as a means of verbal characterization of the hero. More often than not, the colloquial style of speech is reflected in the replicas of the characters, but if the task of creating an artistic image requires this, the writer can use the scientific, business, and journalistic style of speech in his speech. The non-distinction between the concepts "artistic style of speech" and "language of a work of art" leads to the perception of any passage from a work of art as a model of the artistic style of speech, which is a gross error.
