Ability to define the style of the text - this is the first level of assimilation of the style, the initial phase of mastering the concept of style.
Style - it's a speech concept, but its rightYou can determine only by going abroad the language system, taking into account such circumstances as the tasks of speech, the sphere of communication. Given these factors, these or other functional styles of the Russian language are formed.
Each of us in our lives enjoys differentfunctional kinds of speech. As a consequence, in the minds of people, the principles for selecting language facilities are formed in accordance with the conditions and tasks of communication, leading trends in style, internal attitudes to the use of certain units of language.
The style stratification of speech begins withdifferentiation of the most contrast types. Such, undoubtedly, are the conversational type of speech, the core of which is a conversational style, and the opposing literary type of speech that unites all the other functional styles of the Russian language (artistic, scientific, journalistic, official). At the heart of this distinction are several factors, of which the main one is the sphere of communication. The sphere of individual consciousness forms a colloquial style, and the sphere of public consciousness is the functional styles of the Russian literary language.
Differences between spoken and literary speech inare largely determined by its form, whether oral or written. Although all the functional styles of the Russian language can be realized in one form or another of speech, the probability of these realizations in different forms is different. For all literary styles, written speech is more often used, for spoken language - oral. A familiar form of communication leaves an imprint on the structure of the style. For a better understanding of specifics, a system of functional styles of the Russian language has been developed.
1. Spoken - is used in an informal setting one on one for the purpose of communication (talk). The main features: vagueness, ease.
2. Scientific - used in an official setting, presupposes the presence of a large audience. The purpose of speech is the message (to explain). Main features: logicality, accuracy, abstractness.
3.Official-business - used in an official setting, assumes the presence of a large audience. The purpose of speech is to inform (instruct). Main features: impassivity, accuracy, officiality.
4. Publicistic - used in an official setting, presupposes the presence of a large audience. The purpose of speech is to influence (convince). The main features: emotionality, recruiting.
5. Artistic - used in an official setting, presupposes the presence of a large audience. The purpose of speech is to influence. The main features: emotionality, imagery, logic.
Some features of the communication situation arecommon for official, business, artistic, journalistic styles: these functional styles of the Russian language are used when addressing immediately to many people, usually in an official setting and mostly in writing. Therefore, these four styles constitute the literary (book) type of speech. He contrasted the conversational type (conversational style), which is used in communicating with one or several familiar persons, in a relaxed, informal atmosphere and mostly orally.
The system reveals the dependence of type andfunctional style of speech from the features of the speech situation, it helps to understand why the functional styles of literary Russian have these or other features. On its basis, it is easy to make a description of the functional style of speech (the style model), including four main features: the scope of the utterance, the task of speech, language tools, style features.
