In the structure of the Russian language, along withindependent and official parts of speech, there are so-called special forms of the verb, about which many linguists argue. Some of them say that according to the morphological features, participles and adverbs can be derived into significant parts, others argue that these forms are too dependent on the verb itself, and therefore there can be no question of any kind of independence. One way or another, but in the school curriculum, the participle is called a special immutable form of the verb, which has the meaning of complementary action and grammatical signs of adverb and verb. To determine whether a particular word from the context of this very special form, you need to know what questions the participle answers. In this case, it's "What are you doing?" or "What do you do?" It is worth noting that, in answering these questions, the word should complement the predicate, namely, indicate how the main action is performed in the sentence.
Verb Signs
Since verbal adverb is formed from the verb andis its special form, it also has morphological features inherent in this part of speech. First, the view: it can be perfect and imperfect, depending on whether the completeness of the action is indicated or not. For example: having looked (SV) and looking (NSV).Secondly, this is transitivity: a verbal adverb, like a verb, can be used without a preposition in conjunction with the nominal parts of speech in the genitive case - when denied - and in the nominative and accusative case when it is asserted. For example: building relationships. And intransitive adverb, the examples of which are often found in oral speech, is always used with prepositions. For example: rushing to help rejoicing in the sun.
Signs of adverbs
In order to determine the morphological features similar to an adverb, you need to remember which questions the participle answers. For example: I am standing by the window, peering (what are you doing? how?) into the distance. The example clearly shows that the word peering denotes both the action and itssign, depends on the main verb and in the sentence acts as a circumstance. It does not have other morphological features characteristic of an independent part of speech, such as gender, person, time and number, since it is immutable.
An imperfect form participle
When studying this topic, special attention should be givento give to what questions the participle of different species answers. So, for example, imperfect verbal adverbs have the meaning of simultaneously performing an additional action with that which is indicated by the predicate and answers the question “What are you doing?”. For example: standing on a bench, he got a cup from the top shelf.
Such adverbs are formed on the basis of the verbs NSV in the present tense with the suffixes –– or –––. The exception is the word bewhich is converted to a specific form by the suffix -uch-. In other cases, ––––––– and –––––– are used solely to obtain a stylistically colored germ. Examples: be - being, playing - playfully.
Стоит отметить, что не все глаголы несовершенного species can be the basis for the verbalization. The lexical units with the endings “to ––”, as well as with hissing inside the word and with the basis of only consonant letters do not participate in education. For example: bake, dry, write, drink.
Perfect participle
It is important to know which questions are answered.The participle of the perfect form and how it is formed, since it is these rules that will help to correctly form the desired form of the word. The question for CB verbal adverbs is: "What did you do?" Such words have the meaning of an action that occurred before the indicated predicate. For example: standing on the bench, he got a cup from the top shelf.
Formed data of participle from the stem of the verbs of the perfect form in the past tense by attaching the following suffixes:
- -v-, if the verb stem ends with a vowel (making, throwing off, removing);
- -shi- if the verb is reflexive and its stem ends in a vowel (having looked, having looked, having seen);
- -shi- if the base ends with a consonant (lost hiding).
Communion and germination: the difference
Очень важно не путать вопросы причастия и verbal participles and learn to distinguish between these forms of verbs. In fact, nothing complicated here. In order to correctly determine the form in which the word is used, one should remember which questions the verbal adverb has (What did he do? What is he doing?), And which questions have the participle (What does he do? What has he done?). It should also be noted that these two forms have completely different morphological features and meaning. So, for example, participle refers to actions with pronounced signs of an adjective, while adverbial has the value of an additional action.
Morphological analysis of the gerundive
One of the main topics in the study sectionRussian language about the verbal adverb is a morphological analysis of this form of the verb. Before proceeding with the analysis, the proposed sentence should highlight the grammatical basis and find the participle. For this, questions are put to the words from the grammatical basis. So far, nothing complicated. Knowing that the participle answers questions (examples are listed above), indicating the additional action of the object or person referred to in the proposal, it is quite simple to determine it. Then write it down and proceed to the analysis.
Morphological analysis is carried out according to the following scheme:
- Write down the name of the part of speech, its grammatical meaning and indicate the question that can be put to it from the main word.
- The initial form of the participle is recorded and its morphological features are listed, namely: the type of the participle (perfect or imperfect) and its return.
- Further, it should be noted that the word being analyzed is an immutable form, and therefore does not have non-permanent morphological features.
- Finally, indicate which member of the sentence is the participle in this case.
