How to distinguish the participle from the gerunds, knowsevery capable seventh grader. These parts of speech cause difficulties not only for students, but also for adults who have long graduated from school. Let's try to understand this step by step.
Features
Unfortunately, it is not clear to this day whatthe place of the participle and gerundance occupy the morphology of the Russian language. On the one hand, they are considered as forms formed from verbs that can not be independent. On the other hand, the set of attributes available to them makes it possible to define them as parts of speech. In schools, children are given both versions on this issue. Depending on the proposed educational and methodological complex, the teachers accept this or that point of view, which allows them to interpret the rules of the Russian language. Communion and gerundance refers to the independent parts of speech. Ladyzhenskaya. But how special verbal forms they are considered by such authors as V.S. Babaytseva and M.M. Razumovskaya.
Each of the authors is right in their own way, because that the participle, that the gerundance is very controversial in our language.
Participle
When words are very similar in appearance toadjective, but have a tinge of action, before us are the words-participles. They took a number of features from two parts of speech. From the adjective they got the question (what?), The grammatical sign is the ending, and also the syntactic function. As a rule, in the sentence, the participle serves as a definition.
For example: By nature, the girl is very reserved. At first glance, it is a question of a sign.That is, the girl has a calm character. But, looking closely, we notice a verbal tinge: she knows how to keep herself in time. Thus, we saw that the Communion is before us. To the verb "hold back" added suffixes and ending the name of the adjective.
Another property that has the sacrament is the ability to form short forms. This attribute is borrowed from the adjective.
For example: kind - kind (im.pril.), shabby - shabby (prich., formed from the verb "to vilify").
It is worth noting that in this case, short forms will always perform the function of a predicate in sentences, as opposed to a complete one, which is usually a definition.
Deerpriests
There are also difficulties with this form.Many people ask themselves: how to distinguish the participle from the gerunds? In fact, with external similarity, they are completely different. The vertebrate also takes the roots of the verb, but the rest of the morphological features it received from the adverb.
First, it is immutability.Both forms have no endings, including zero ones. Secondly, they answer the general question (how?). Thirdly, the words-gerunds, like adverbs, fulfill the function of circumstance.
For example, draw - drawing (dnepr.), do - making (Dnepr.).
Use
To know how to distinguish the sacrament fromIt is necessary to ask the correct question. After this, it is necessary to determine what function the word performs. Communion will always describe an object, since it has a similar role to an adjective. But the gerund participle always indicates an additional action. At the same time, the main one must be present.
Very often these parts of speech are used not as single words, but as part of turns, that is, when each of them has dependent words. In this case, the syntactic functions will also differ.
For example: Misha, keen on computer games, bought a new CD. We have a participial turn.The word "addict" was formed from the verb "get carried away", but answers the question "what?". Next, we look for words that are dependent on it. Ask the question: keen on what? We get the answer - computer games. There is a part depending on it, therefore we bravely assert that it is a participial turn.
One more example: Carried away by the game, Andrew forgot about his homework. In this case, we observe a gerundive turnover.The word "carried away" was formed from the same verb as the participle above, but already has a completely different function. Here we are talking about an additional action (carried away) with the main (forgot). Having the dependent words, the gerundive forms a turn (carried away by the game).
Now the question of how to distinguish the participle from the gerunds will not be difficult for you. The main features of these parts of speech are discussed in our article.
