The most important section of the science of language is syntax.The basic units of syntax are phrase, sentence, text. They are the subject of his study. The lowest link in this hierarchy is the phrase. As a unit of syntax, it plays a very important role, because it is from these units that sentences and further texts are constructed.
Definition of concept
One or several words, united by meaning or grammatically, make up a phrase. These syntactic units are easily distinguished from sentences.
In the composition you can find the main word anddependent. The first is the one from which the question is asked. The second - to which it is put. Let's look at an example: the autumn wind. Wind (what?) Autumn. As the question is asked from the word wind - it will be the main one. Accordingly, the autumn - dependent.
Grammatically, words are connected using endings or prepositions. Word order and semantic meaning also matter.
Not a phrase
It should be remembered that the phrase is notwill be. First, the grammatical basis. This fact is easy to prove, because people communicate with each other, verbally and in writing, precisely with sentences. The phrase is a kind of building block from which more complex communicative units are built. In addition, there are one-word sentences. The phrase is at least two lexemes.
Во-вторых, однородные члены предложения также не will fall into the category of minimal syntactic units. Why? The connection between them is not subordinate, which should be in the phrase, but a composing (it is impossible to raise the question).
Thirdly, the significant part of speech with its adjoining service can not be distinguished into a phrase. As a unit of syntax, it carries meaning. And the described variant is just a form of a word.
Fourth, complex grammatical forms and syntax units should not be confused. For example, future tense, subjunctive or imperative mood, degrees of comparison, etc.
Fifth, in the process of language development they lostgrammatical and semantic relationship within a phraseological units. Therefore, it is a mistake to say that this is a phrase. As the basic unit of syntax, it must necessarily consist of related words.
Views by main word
Depending on what part of speech is the main word, they single out a nominal, verbal, adverbial phrase. As a unit of syntax, it is very diverse in its composition.
We give examples of each type of syntactic units.
- Named. In them, the main word is the nominal part of speech. A table made of wood (noun), useful for eyes (adjective), three friends (numeral), something necessary (pronoun).
- Verb.Here the main word can be both the directly-named part of speech, and the participle, the verbal adverb. Here are some examples: look to the side (verb), looking to the side (participle), looking to the side (signpost).
- Adverbial. Very well, to the right of the river, deep into the forest.
Reconciliation
Phrase and sentence as basic unitsThe syntax is very similar in its component connections. So, in the sentence there is a subordinate, composing and all-union relationship. Whereas in the phrase exclusively subordinate. However, it is divided into several types. The first, which we consider - coordination.
With this type of connection, the main word requires the statement of an addict in a similar kind, number, and case. Let us consider what parts of speech components can be in coordination:
Main word | Dependent word |
A noun or other substantive part of speech. |
|
Communication management
Phrase and sentence as unitssyntax creates our speech, so you need to understand the essence of the processes occurring inside. Another connection between words is management. When it is the main word, changing itself, does not require setting dependent in a certain form. The formal attribute is not only the ending, as in agreement, but also an excuse. Moreover, the latter is more common.
Let us analyze the variants of the main and dependent words in similar phrases.
Main word | Dependent word |
| Noun, pronoun-noun, or substantive part of speech. |
| |
Connection adjoining
The phrase as a syntax unit may havewithin itself is not only a grammatical connection, but also a semantic one. In other words, a dependent word can join the main one only by its meaning. Such a connection is called contiguity.
Since the addition of the dependent word occurs within the meaning, it is logical to assume that such words are all unchangeable parts of speech and the form of words. We list them.
Main word | Dependent word |
Verb: do (how?) Quickly, began (what to do?) Speak | 1. Adverb: ran (how?) Quickly; groped (where?) in the dark. |
Noun: mountain (what?) Above | 2. The participle: sat (how?) Looking, told (how?) Rejoicing. |
Adverb: quite (how?) Far | 3. Infinitive: had to (what to do?) To come. |
Adjective: beautiful (how?) Externally and internally | 4. Comparative degree of an adjective: rivers (which?) Are deeper, children (which) are younger. |
5. Adjective-pronoun (their, its his). The portfolio (whose?) It, the apartment (whose?) Them. | |
6. Inconsistent application: newspaper (what?) Komsomolskaya Pravda |
Integral and free
The characteristics described above are notThe phrase as a syntax unit is limited. Types of phrases are also determined by the characteristics of the structure. So, allocate simple and complex units. The first contain two significant words: once in the fall, a wooden window, no good. The second ones, complex, imply three significant words in their composition: the poetic language of Gogol, the window to the parent’s bedroom, my favorite books.
The vocabulary of the language realizesphrase as a unit of syntax. Types of phrases for connected components - free and solid. The former include independent members of the sentence, for example, the subject and the definition (the other bank), the predicate and the circumstance (lying on the bed) and others.
Whole phrases are one, indivisible member of the sentence: all (which?) From small to large, worked (how?) Carelessly.
Именно с изучения словосочетания начинается the study of such a complex section of the language as syntax. The basic units of syntax — phrase, sentence, text — need to be known very well. Only in this case, we can talk about a beautiful written and spoken language.
