Example of contiguity in the Russian language. Associations with connection adjacency: examples

The phrase is a structural unit of the language,consisting of two or more words united by a subordinate link. One of them is considered the main, the rest - dependent. From the first to the second, you can put the question. Example: go (where?) To the store. Main and controlled words echo each other in meaning and grammatically.

In Russian, there are only three types of subordination: coordination, management, adjunction.

You must be able to distinguish different phrases from phrases that are not.

What can not be attributed to phrases?

Quite often people are taken for a phrase.Any couple of words that are related. Such a misunderstanding arises due to their illiteracy and ignorance of the rules of the Russian language. It should be remembered that the phrases can not be attributed:

• the basis of the proposal (he danced);
• idioms and stable combinations (catching a surprise);
• comparative degree of adjective or adverb (more touching, less maroon);
• complex future tense verb form (I will jump);
• the combination of the union word or preposition and the significant part of speech (towards the wind, like glass);
• words related with the help of a writing union (red and green);
• implicated, vernal, comparative turnovers together with the word to which they refer.

Now that we have figured out which items are notare phrases, get acquainted with their varieties. Consider the example of contiguity, coordination, management. This will help us easily recognize the types of phrases in the sentence.

Coupling with adjacency: examples

When the type of connection adjoining the main and dependent words are combined only in meaning and intonation. This is due to the fact that the controlled member is always expressed in the unchanged part of speech.

Let's take a closer look at the junction. Examples of phrases with unchangeable parts of speech you see in the table.

It is important to remember that there are two categories.pronouns that are homonyms: personal and possessive. The first are involved in the formation of phrases with the type of communication management, the second - the connection. You can distinguish them by correctly raising the question.

To begin, consider the type of connection adjacency. Examples: pants (whose?) It, opinion (whose?) Her, song (whose?) Them.

For management, another question is characteristic: “Whom?”. For example, take a picture of (whom?) Him, draw (whom?) Her, hear (whom?) Them.

The main word in the junction: what is expressed

The main word can be expressed: verb, adjective, adverb or noun. For better assimilation of the material consider an example of contiguity:

• Fly (how?) Fast. The main word is expressed by a verb, dependent - adverb.
• Skirt (what?) Flared (noun and unchangeable adjective).
• Cheerful (how?) Incredible. The main term is an adjective, a controlled one is an adverb.
• It is wonderful (how much?) Too (a combination of two adverbs).

How to find out the connection in the sentence?

It is not easy to find phrases with contiguity in the text. In order to cope with this task it is necessary not only to learn theoretical material, but also to train to determine the type of word combinations.

To consolidate the knowledge gained, let’s analyze the example of adjunction in a sentence: “He always dreamed of drawing better”. To find the necessary phrase, follow the algorithm:

1. Find the basis of the proposal. The subject is “he,” the predicate, “dreamed”;
2. From the word "dreamed" ask questions to secondary members: dreamed (about what?) To draw.
3. We define parts of speech. The main word is expressed by the past tense verb, dependent - by the infinitive.
4. We recollect the theory: if the dependent word is expressed by the unchangeable part of speech - this is the junction.

We considered phrases with the type of connection adjoining in Russian. Examples will help you to better understand the information received. And the algorithm used is useful in other cases.

However, it should not be forgotten that there are other types of subordination besides junction. Recall them to find out if necessary in the text.

Matching

When coordinating, the controlled word is compared in its grammatical form to the main one. That is, changes its gender, number, case, in accordance with the situation.

The main word with this type of connection is expressed by the noun. As a dependent can be:

• pronoun (my purchase, your choice, our gig);
• full and short adjective (green dress, beautiful sunset, house is full), but a simple comparative degree and an excellent one formed from it do not fit into this category;
• participle (work done, prepared report, earned money);
• noun, if it adapts to the signs of the main word (father-director, to the uncle-coach);
• a numeral in the form of an indirect case (both girls, both applicants);
• ordinal number (sixth week, eighth attempt, third representatives).

Control

When the type of control is related, the dependent word is compared to the principal only in the case. The governing term is usually expressed by a verb, adjective, noun or cardinal number.

As a dependent word in combinations of this type are nouns, pronouns. A few examples:

• He looked (at whom?) Beloved. The main word is a verb, a dependent word is a noun that has passed from the category of adjectives (substantive).
• Touched (to whom?) To her. Verb and pronoun with a preposition.
• He started (what?) Car. The first word is expressed by the past tense verb, the second - by the noun in the accusative case.

Samples of combinations with control and coordination, as well as an example of contiguity, will help you to easily determine the type of subordinate connection in a phrase, if the need arises.