In each language there are many words, but withoutthey do not really mean anything. The word is just a linguistic unit. The Russian language is especially rich in them. The syntax of the native language is the main assistant in the formulation of the grammatical connection of words in sentences and phrases. Knowing the basic rules of this part of linguistics helps people build both written and spoken language.
The concept of
Syntax in Russian is a particularly importantsection, studying the construction of sentences and word combinations, and, in addition, the correlation of parts of speech in them. This department of linguistics is part of the grammar and is permanently connected with morphology.
Linguists distinguish several types of syntax:
- Communicative. Shows the ratio of word combinations in the sentence, explores different ways of dividing sentences, looks at the typology of statements and so on.
- Static.He considers individual combinations of words and sentences that are not connected with each other. The object of investigation of this type of grammar section is the syntactic norms of the correlation of parts of speech in a sentence or phrase.
- Syntax of the text. Explores simple and complex sentences, schemes for constructing combinations of words and text. Its goal is a linguistic analysis of the text.
All these types of studying modern Russian language. The syntax considers in detail the following units of linguistics: sentence, phrase, text.
Phrase
The phrase is minimalsyntactic unit. These are a few words, connected by a semantic, grammatical and intonational load. In this unit, one word will be primary, and others - dependent. To add words you can ask a question from the main.
In the collocations, there are three types of connection:
- Adjunction (to lie trembling, to sing beautifully).
- Alignment (about a sad story, a beautiful dress).
- Management (read a book, hate the enemy).
Morphological properties of the main word - the main classification of collocations, which offers the Russian language. Syntax in this case divides phrases into:
- adverbial (shortly before the concert);
- registered (trees in the forest);
- verb (read a book).
Simple sentences
The Russian language is very diverse. Syntax as a special section has the main unit - a simple sentence.
A sentence is said to be simple if it has one grammatical basis and consists of one or more words expressing the completed thought.
A simple sentence can be one-part ortwo-part. This fact reveals the grammatical basis. One-sentence proposal is represented by one of the main members of the proposal. Two-part, respectively, subject and predicate. If the sentence is one-part, then it can be divided into:
- Definitely personal. (I wish you love!)
- Indefinite-personal. (Flowers were brought in the morning.)
- Generalized personal. (You can not cook porridge with them.)
- Impersonal. (It's getting dark!)
- Called. (Night, Street, Lantern, Pharmacy.)
Two-part can be:
- Common or unresolved. For this characteristic in the response, the secondary members of the proposal. If they do not exist, then the proposal is not common. (Birds are singing.) If there is - widespread (Cats like the sharp scent of valerian.)
- Full or incomplete. Full names are sentences, where all the members of the sentence are present. (The sun was moving toward the horizon.) Incomplete - where at least one syntactic unit is missing. They are basically based on oral speech, where meaning can not be understood without previous utterances. (Will you eat?)
- Complicated. A simple sentence can be complicated by isolated and secondary members, homogeneous constructions, introductory words, appeals. (In winter, in our city, especially in February, it is very cold.)
Complex sentences
Complex are called sentences, built from several grammatical bases.
The Russian language, whose syntax is difficult to imagine without complex sentences, offers several of their types:
- Complicated. Parts of such a proposal are associated with writing unions and a cohesive bond. This connection gives simple suggestions in the composition of a complex some independence. (The parents left to rest, and the children stayed with their grandmother.)
- Complicated. The parts of the sentence are connected by subordinate unions and subordinate communication. Here one simple sentence - an adjective, and another - the main thing. (She said she would come home late.)
- Unconnected. Parts of such a proposal are related in meaning, order of location and intonation. (He went to the movies, she's home.)
