In the economic literature, when considering such an issue as a form of labor organization, a classical classification is proposed: a division into individual and collective forms.
Collective forms of labor organization have the mostIt is a big spread, since most often the production plan is brought to a certain unit, and the results of this plan are followed by the payment of wages to the entire unit, with subsequent distribution among individual employees. Depending on the place occupied in the hierarchy of the organization, collective forms of organization of labor, in turn, are divided into group, individual, sector, shop, etc.
Depending on the method of separation,units with a full division of labor (performing only their duties in their workplace), with partial interchangeability (possession of several specialties and performing the function of combining), with complete interchangeability (any employee of the unit can at any time replace any other employee of this unit).
Also, units can be fullself-management, when after the assignment is established, the subdivision by its own forces independently solves it, mobilizing precisely those resources that are needed to achieve the set goals. Partial self-management involves delegating part of the functions and centralizing the other part. If all functions are centralized, it is a collective form without self-management.
By methods of payment distinguish such formsorganization of labor, as: the form of individual labor remuneration, payment by the tariff system, payment by the tariff system with the use of coefficients, non-tariff payment, commission payment. If we consider the forms of organization of labor in interaction with the management of the organization, then we can distinguish forms based on direct subordination, acting on the basis of a lease agreement, a contract or a contract.
Using different forms of labor organization onenterprise, it is necessary to ensure that this increases the efficiency of work and the attractiveness of labor in the enterprise. For example, it is not recommended to combine such labor operations, which differ greatly in the qualification of the worker's labor (for example, subsidiary work and highly skilled labor).
In order for the selected alignment programit was necessary to develop a map of the organization of labor at a particular enterprise. Combining different professions, expanding the service area and replacing the absent employee are progressive forms of labor organization. By combination is meant the performance of their duties, plus additional work in another specialty. Expansion of the service area is an increase in the scope of work for the main specialty of the employee. The replacement of the absent employee is the fulfillment of the additional duties of this employee for the period of leave, illness, business trip, etc.
Such forms are aimed at reducing the number ofworking personnel, reducing the cost of paying wages, increasing productivity without investing additional investment. These forms of work organization can be applied only with the written consent of the employee and should not lead to a deterioration in the quality of the products. The employee must have unused time during the working day, when he has the opportunity to perform additional work.
It is necessary to ensure that the employeewas not overly overloaded and was able to perform work on combining qualitatively during his working day. Otherwise, overlapping may lead to a deterioration in performance.
