Many professions, especially those that directlyare associated with the need for constant communication with people, require the possession of oratory, rhetoric, and, consequently, the culture of speech in general at a high level.
The culture of speech combines in itself those qualities,which are designed to have the maximum impact on the addressee, depending on the situation, the goals and objectives. Thus, the quality of speech directly depends on the concepts:
- accuracy;
- intelligibility;
- right;
- expressiveness;
- wealth and diversity;
- purity of speech.
From the first three qualities follows such a concept as the logicality of speech, which has significance in the aspect of conveying information to the listener and ensuring its correct perception.
The logicality of speech implies the ability to consistently expound thoughts. It is also necessary to express their content consistently and reasonably.
The logicality of speech in its functions is similar toaccuracy. Both these qualities characterize the content, connected with reality and thinking. But logicality considers the construction of linguistic units, the very structure of speech under the angle of fulfilling the laws of logic and the correctness of thinking, coherence and meaningfulness of sentences. There are two types of logic: objective and conceptual.
By subject is meant conformitynarrative about the interrelationships of phenomena and objects in reality. Conceptual logic relates adequacy of the construction of thought and its meaningful development. These two species are inextricably linked. Although they can be divided either intentionally, which is often found in fiction, fairy tales, mystical literature, or as a result of logical errors that can be admitted in the process of thinking.
The art of expressing your thoughts freely means not only logical speech, but also the absence of errors.
The basic laws of logic that are subordinated tohuman thinking in general, are observed in all styles of speech. These rules should be strictly adhered to when presenting information in a scientific style, since the emphasized logic and uniqueness of utterances is one of the specific characteristics dictating the use and organization of language tools of a scientific style. In the literary language, these rules are not so fundamental, and sometimes deliberately violated to create deeper characters.
Errors in speech can be associated with weak language proficiency or stylistics. Again, sometimes they are completely justified in fiction.
Modern linguists distinguish two types of norms: strictly mandatory (imperative) and replenishing, that is, not strictly mandatory (dispositive).
Imperative norms are mandatory, their violation inthe framework of the culture of speech is inadmissible, basically these rules refer to grammar (the correctness of conjugations, declensions, accentuations, births and the like). These norms are characterized by strict uniqueness.
Dispositive norms do not have such limitations andallow stylistically different or neutral options. Here the assessment takes place at the level of justification of the use of the language unit in the context of the use of a particular style.
