The culture of speech is a separate discipline inlinguistics. Its main purpose is not the accumulation of as much knowledge as possible, but the ability to apply it correctly. Speech is the identification of the character of a person and even of society as a whole. The qualities of a good speech are very versatile. They show how the style of communication corresponds to the situation. Speech must be successful, both for the one who speaks and for the one to whom it is addressed. This is a basic principle that describes good speech and its qualities.
Speech
Speech is a means of connecting sounds with a specific meaning, as well as expressing a person’s personality, thoughts, feelings, and emotions.
People have mastered speech since childhood. During life, they polish, perfect this tool of self-expression.
If speech fits all modernliterary norms, it can be called correct. If there are no expressions and constructions that are alien to the literary pattern, this means of communication is called pure.
Speech is rich when it is usedstylistic techniques and methods. It becomes bright. Speech can also be logical or precise, correspond to a certain style, which the audience is set to.
But if this tool of self-expression is availablelisteners, this is understandable speech. After all, it is very important that what has been said affects the listeners. The main qualities of good speech lie in the extent of its impact on the person.
Relativity
Identify key features and qualitiesgood speech is not easy. The concept of a culture of speech and its qualities change even for one people over time. Therefore, it can not be properly perceived, being outdated.
The standard of good speech varies geographically and socially. For each generation there are their own standards, the basic qualities of good speech.
It is also impossible to distinguish the same qualities that a good oral, written, monologue and dialogic style should possess.
The assessment of the quality of good speech, even in a specific Russian, is made from the standpoint of form, style and functionality, and the conditions for its implementation.
A culture of speech
Speech culture implies such an organizationlanguage tools and techniques, which, subject to all norms of communication, can in a certain situation create the maximum effect in achieving its task.
The culture of speech implies the possession of the rules and constructions of the literary language. And both in oral and written forms.
Ability to choose and properly organizeMeans of expression are also included in the concept of "culture of speech". The qualities of good speech allow in a certain situation to achieve the task set before the communication.
The culture of speech also implies adherence to communication etiquette. The main concepts of this issue are the literary language, its norms, style and standard, types and forms of speech.
Qualities of correct speech
The qualities of a good communicative speech possessa lot of signs. Correctness serves as the basis for such signs of good speech as wealth, purity, consistency, accuracy, clarity, relevance, harmoniousness. This is a short list. It defines the qualities of good speech. Correctness is one of the main criteria.
Proper speech complies with existing norms of the language, for example, pronunciation, vocabulary, style, morphology, syntax.
The richness of speech is determined by the presence in it of various language means. Its purity is the absence of non-literary words.
Accuracy as a component of the correctness of speech implies that words match their real meanings.
Logic allows for clarity of speech. It must comply with the laws of logic, so as not to be confused.
Expressiveness awakens emotions, and clarity - an adequate understanding of what was said. Simplicity will allow to communicate naturally, and the appropriateness will make communication relevant to the tasks of its implementation.
The quality of good speech briefly describes all these aspects.
Communicative qualities
Speech is always related to non-speech structures.These connections should be known for understanding its qualities. Speech is primarily related to language. This is not a similar concept. Speech is built from language and obeys its laws. Language units are assembled into specific structures and form speech.
The communicative qualities of good speech are inits relationship with thinking. The thought is formed and expressed in speech. This gives communication logic, accuracy. Speech is related to consciousness. It helps to see what is behind the words (imagery, expressiveness, relevance).
Speech also relates to reality.After all, communication describes objects, events and events. It also corresponds with the addressee. The author of the speech usually creates it for someone. He should make the communication understandable to the listener.
Speech corresponds to the terms of communication. It will be appropriate in some conditions, but not in others. This factor also plays an important role in understanding the criteria and qualities of good speech.
Right
Главным качеством хорошей разговорной, technical, legal, medical speech and its other styles is correct. It can be accentological, semantic, formal, stylistic, etc. It is considered in the aspect of orthoepy and word formation.
Lexical correctness does not allow excessivepretentiousness of speech or its slang. Morphologically correct wording is determined by grammatical norms. Syntactic correctness specifies concepts.
Stylistic correctness takes into account and choosesthose expressions, words and sounds that are characteristic of a certain communication. For example, the quality of a good legal speech will not be the same for a technical style.
Elite type of speech
The quality of speech should also be considered from the perspective of its typology. The elite variety is the closest to the literary and ethical norms of communication.
Носители такого речевого стиля общения легко use your vocabulary properly. It is great thanks to the possession of the cultural, literary, scientific values of mankind. The carrier of this style of communication due to their knowledge has a large passive and active vocabulary.
The owner of the elite type of communication has the ability to think, which is achieved due to the wide coverage of general cultural, fundamental texts. It is on them that person is guided in his speech.
The media of the elite type of communication constantly replenishes its qualities of good speech in Russian on the basis of authoritative texts, and not from newspapers or television.
Middle literary type
The carriers of the medium literary type of communication are the majority of the inhabitants of our country. These are people who have received higher or secondary education. Such communication is the embodiment of a simplified culture.
Distinctive feature of this type of speechis the satisfaction of its owners with their own knowledge, unwillingness to improve their culture of speech or to check the sources from which information comes.
The main qualities of a good speaker speechthe medium literary type of communication was acquired in educational institutions and then forgotten, not improved on their own. This leads to systemic speech errors. Sometimes such people are so sure that they are right that they are even ready to defend their vision of the rules of speech, which often differs from the generally accepted standard. At best, when remarking on an error, the medium of medium literary type of communication will not pay attention to this, and at worst, will accept criticism aggressively.
Basic information such people receive from statements in newspapers, in popular magazines, on radio or television. This knowledge is perceived as fundamental, they are equal.
This is an unfinished elite type in which the criteria and qualities of good speech are met, but not completely.
Conversation type
Conversation type of communication as a separate subspecies began to develop in the 90s of the last century. It is divided into literary-conversational and familiar-conversational type.
The carrier of this style of communication adheres to the conversational style of communication in any setting, even the official one. They are characterized by reduced speech to a greater or lesser extent.
In the literary-colloquial type, communication on “you” predominates, and rude statements are added to the familiar-spoken language.
Carriers of this kind of communication have no ideawhat qualities should have good speech. They are used to talking at the level observed by their whole environment. Getting into a new environment for them, such people simply cannot change the way they express their thoughts. After all, they simply do not have another model of behavior.
Most often, such styles are spread by television, inviting people to their talk shows who prefer the conversational manner of communication.
Spelling and syntax
There is an opinion that spelling errors in verifiable and unverifiable words should be treated with different severity. In some cases it is better to change the rule.
Speech is also viewed from the perspective of a gradation of the severity of errors in it. There are rules that allow some deviations.
The carriers of the elite type of communication are practically notallow spelling and syntax errors. Maybe only a single non-rough deviations. At the same time, the owners of the medium literary style allow them much more, since they rarely look into the dictionary when writing texts, they do not supplement the knowledge of the relevance of punctuation marks.
People who communicate only with the help of conversational styles can make gross mistakes in the field of spelling and punctuation.
Orthoepic norms
The qualities of good speech in the field of orthoepy are found in carriers of the elite type of communication.
If they use stress in words not inaccordance with the codified norm, it is only because the usual rules of pronunciation for a particular word are generally accepted. Over time, such rules become official.
More gross errors are found in speechRepresentatives of the medium literary type of communication. Such people can violate the orthoepic and formative norms at the same time. And subsequently, such distorted expressions are transmitted by people to each other in communication.
Sometimes the speakers of the colloquial type of speech have even fewer errors than the previous group of people.
Lexical and stylistic norms
It is difficult to define acceptable limits for statements in terms of vocabulary and style. This is due to the controversial expediency of the use of, for example, expressive words.
The admissibility of the use of certain words must be determined from the standpoint of the style of the text and its genre.
Например, существует даже словарь жаргонных expressions. However, the presence of such statements in a speech at official meetings will be unacceptable. Sometimes in rare cases, such slang is used for emotional coloring of speech. But this should be done with great care.
Taking into account the quality of good speech, you canimprove your communication style. It should be appropriate and take into account the conditions of the environment. Speech must be clear and effective for both the addressee and the addressee. It forms the thought, the consciousness of man. Improving the culture of communication will help the study of the fundamental sources of information, the developments of world literature and art. Do not take information from dubious, unverified sources. Man must be improved. In the area of his speech, it is simply necessary.
