A cell is a unit of life on our planet, outsidelife cells are not. That is why all the features of the vital activity of organisms are determined on the basis of the characteristics of the cell, which determine the organelles of the cell and their functions.
Из множества свойств клетки наиболее важными consider: a strictly defined structure, the ability to metabolism - the production of metabolism and energy, the ability to respond to external stimuli: objects and phenomena. In addition, the functions of cell organelles determine such properties as the ability to grow and develop, as well as reproduction and regeneration - regeneration.
Just as an animal or plantconsists of separate organs and their systems, the cell consists of organoids. Considering the organelles of the cell and their functions, it is important to note the external structure of the cell. Outside, the “unit of life” is covered with a membrane, which serves as a demarcation barrier, separating the external environment from the internal contents of the cell. At the same time, the membrane performs protective and demarcating functions, and also receives environmental stimuli (receptor function) and transports substances.
Cell organelles, their structure and function
The existence of a cell and its components wouldimpossible if inside it was not filled with a special fluid - the cytoplasm. It is the cytoplasm that produces the transport of substances inside the cell like blood and lymph in our body. In this case, the cytoplasm creates the effect of intercellular interaction due to various processes, cilia, and villi. Some of these processes (for example, flagella or cilia) can perform a motor function, other outgrowths of the cell are not capable of movement.
Mitochondria - one of the most important organoidscells involved in the respiration processes of the “unit of life” and transforming various forms of energy into the kind that is available to the cell. In fact, mitochondria are the energy base of the cell, and therefore the amount of these organoids depends on the functions that the cell performs, and, accordingly, on its needs for energy resources. It is noteworthy that mitochondria contain their own DNA chain, in which up to 2% of the cell itself’s DNA is concentrated.
Иной органоид, участвующий в процессе metabolism, - ribosome. This particular cell element produces protein synthesis. It is important to note that proteins are present in all cells of the human body, with the exception of red blood cells. Ribosomes are freely located in the cytoplasm, and the process of protein synthesis is associated with the phenomenon of transcription - copying the information that is recorded in DNA.
Cell organelles and their functions would not haveno point in nature if there was no nucleus in the cell. This organoid is remarkable in that it contains a very important substance - chromatin, which is the basis for the formation of chromosomes. It is the chromosomes that transmit hereditary information about the cell during reproduction. Therefore, chromatin is formed by DNA and a small amount of RNA. In addition, the nucleus includes the nucleolus - the body in which the synthesis of new ribosomes takes place. The size of the nucleolus varies depending on how intensely the protein synthesis proceeds in the cell.
In conclusion, we note that when considering organellescells and their functions, it is very difficult to identify any one “organ of the unit of life” that could be designated as the main one. Conventionally, such an organoid selects the nucleus, as in humans, the main organ is the heart. In reality, all organelles support many chemical, physical and biological processes, due to which the cell performs a complex of various functions that unite under the general concept of life.
