Today we will learn what a cavity is,filled with cell sap. That is, we consider the appointment in the body of vacuoles. As you know, a cell is an elementary structural unit of everything that surrounds us. But it consists of a large number of organoids. One of them looks like a cavity filled with cell sap, and it has the name vacuoles.
Функции данной органеллы очень разнообразны, мы Be sure to pay attention to this topic. And now it is necessary to understand that the cell, thanks to its organelles, is capable of independent existence. These smallest particles do not have to be combined into any complex structures. She has a number of properties that allow her to exist independently. We now turn to the consideration of one of the parts that performs a significant role in the process of cell activity.
Vacuole
So, we already said that the cavity filledcell sap, has the name vacuol. This organoid is filled with an aqueous solution of various substances, among which we can detect both organic and inorganic. To create vacuoles participation is required:
- EPS.
- Golgi apparatus.
To begin with, all plant cellscontain these organelles, only in young ones there are much more. Why is this happening? As a result of growth, their fusion occurs, which leads to the formation of a central vacuole. It is very important to note that the mature plant cell is almost completely filled with this vacuole (more than 90 percent). In this case, all other organelles and the nucleus of the cell are moved to the shell.
Vacuole is limited to tonoplast, so called membrane of a given organoid of a plant cell. The fluid inside the vacuole is cell sap.
Thus, a cavity filled with cellularthe juice and measuring more than 90 percent of the cavity of the entire cell is the central vacuole. The composition of this juice includes a very large number of substances, including:
- salts;
- monosaccharides;
- disaccharides;
- amino acids;
- glycosides;
- alkaloids;
- anthocyanins and so on.
Functions
The cell cavity, filled with cell sap, has a name - vacuole. It performs many different functions. Now we offer to consider them. To begin with, we will provide them in the form of a list
- Water absorption. Water is necessary for the plant and the maintenance of plant life. H2O molecules are also required for plant photosynthesis.
- Coloring plants. This becomes possible due to the presence of anthocyanins. They have the ability to stain the organs of a plant (fruits, flowers, leaves).
- Removal of toxic substances.In vacuoles, deposition of oxalate crystals occurs. Some secondary metabolites have good (beneficial) qualities, for example, give plants a bitter taste and save them from eating.
- Supply of nutrients. A cell can take advantage of stocks of vacuoles, as it stores a number of substances useful for the cell.
- Splitting of old parts of a cell by means of development of a milky juice.
Vacuoles in animal cells
Мы уже сказали, что полость в цитоплазме, filled with cell sap is the vacuole. But before this section, it was said only about plant cells. Now we will get acquainted with the functions of this organella in animals.
Vacuoles are present in most protozoa.organisms. So, for example, pulsating are located in freshwater and serve for osmotic regulation. Some multicellular vertebrates and unicellulars have digestive vacuoles that contain a large number of different enzymes. It is also important to know that in higher animals, these organelles are formed in phagocytes.
The difference between plant and animal cells
We have already said that organoids representinga cavity filled with cell sap, found in plant and animal cells. What is the difference between them? It is important to understand that they are not in a single cell in a cage. In the plant they occupy 95 percent, and in the animal - only 5 percent.
