Functions of the cell center in the cell

Cells of all living organisms have a similarstructure. They all consist of a plasma membrane, a shell around it (glycocalyx in animals or the cell wall: in fungi - from chitin, in plants - from cellulose), cytoplasm (organoids are arranged in it, each of which performs its functions, cell center, for example , takes part in fission) and a nucleus that protects DNA (except prokaryotes).

Cellular Organoids

These include ribosomes, lysosomes, mitochondria,complex Golgi, endoplasmic reticulum and cell center. In plant cells also contain specific organoids, inherent only to them - vacuoles. They accumulate unnecessary substances, plastids (chromoplasts, leukoplasts, chloroplasts, in the latter there is a process of photosynthesis). Functions of the cell center, mitochondria, ribosomes and other structures are very important. Mitochondria perform the role of unique stations for the production of energy, they are the process of intracellular respiration. Ribosomes are responsible for the production of proteins, synthesizing them from individual amino acids in the presence of mRNA, which contains information on the substances necessary for the cell. The functions of lysosomes are the cleavage of chemical compounds by enzymes that are contained within the organoid. The Golgi complex accumulates and retains certain substances. The endoplasmic reticulum also takes part in the metabolism.

Cellular center - structure and functions

This organoid is also called a centrosome.The functions of the cell center can not be overemphasized - without this organoid it would be impossible to divide the cell. It consists of two parts. In this cell center is similar to a ribosome, in the structure of which there are also two halves. Parts of the centrosome are called centrioles, each of them looks like a hollow cylinder formed from microtubules. They are perpendicular to each other. The functions of the cell center are the formation of fission spindle centrioles in the process of meiosis or mitosis.

How is the cell divided?

There are two main ways - meiosis and mitosis.The functions of the cell center are manifested in both processes. And in the first and second cases, the division takes place in several stages. There are such stages: prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase.

Meiosis, as a rule, implies twosuccessive cell division, the time between them is called interphase. As a result of this process, several cells with a haploid (single) are formed from a cell with a diploid set of chromosomes (double). In the process of mitosis, the number of chromosomes does not decrease - daughter cells also possess a diploid set. There is also such a division method as amitosis. In this case, the nucleus, and then the entire cytoplasm, is simply divided in two. This species is not so widespread as the first two, it is found mainly among the simplest. The cell center is not involved in this process.

The involvement of the cell center in division

Prophase means preparation for the processmitosis or meiosis, on its length the nuclear shells are destroyed. During metaphase, the cell center is split into two separate centrioles. They, in turn, diverge to the opposite poles of the cell. At the same stage, the chromosomes line up along the equator. Then, with the filament spindles, they attach to the centrioles in such a way that the different chromatids of each chromosome are attached to the opposite centrioles. During the metaphase, each of the chromosomes is split into separate chromatids, which centrioles after the filaments attract to opposite poles.

During the telophase, the formation of nuclear envelopes occurs, the cytoplasm is separated and the daughter cells are finally formed.