Autumn mushrooms start to appear in the forests closer toend of august. You can collect them all the first half of September. Autumn mushrooms are growing in waves. Depending on the weather conditions in each year there may be 2-3 waves of these mushrooms, the first of which is usually the most abundant. Another feature of the growth of autumn experiences - they appear quickly and abundantly, and then also disappear sharply. Therefore, lovers of "quiet hunting" is important not to miss the moment of the beginning of the collection.
In which forests is this species found?
Autumn mushroom can be considered cosmopolitanour latitudes. It can be found in almost any forest over 30 years old. Mushrooms grow on more than 200 species of trees. As a rule, these fungi appear in colonies on dry trunks, deadwood, stumps, roots and trunks of living plants. Mushrooms are most often found on spruce and birch trees, a little less often they can be found on pine, aspen and oak trees. Tree mushrooms - orderlies of forests of the temperate zone. Settling on dead wood, they destroy it. At the same time, the valuable elements of which it consists return to the biological circulation of substances. At the same place, autumn mushrooms can be collected up to 15 years in a row. After this period, the wood is completely destroyed by the mycelium.
Colonies of autumn mushrooms grow very abundantly.With one stump you can collect several liters of these valuable mushrooms. Young mushrooms with an unopened cap are gathered together with the leg. In grown mushrooms, only caps are cut off. Their feet have no nutritional value.
There are many recipes for making thesemushrooms. Mushrooms can be cooked, pickled, dried and salted, as well as fried. When harvesting mushrooms, you do not need to pull out their legs “from the root” from the wood in order not to damage the mycelium, which next year will delight you with a bountiful harvest.
Precautionary measures
However, when going to the forest, it is important to rememberprecautions. Many edible mushrooms have poisonous twins, so not a single year passes without poisoning. Before going to the forest, it is important to study the signs not only of the species that you plan to collect, but also of similar ones that you should skip. If you are not sure that this particular mushroom is definitely edible, no need to risk your health, better leave it in the forest!
Myths about edible and poisonous mushrooms
Do not listen to "Grandma's" advice on howdistinguish poisonous mushroom from edible. For example, some people seriously believe that poisonous species are not eaten by forest animals or snails. You can see for yourself the fallacy of this statement - even slugs and insects eat even the pale death cap for people without problems for their life. Another "unmistakable" way to make sure that the gifts of the forest are edible is to heat a silver spoon (or onion) with them when cooked.
It is said that if they do not darken, then thismeans that among the mushrooms there is no poisonous. Of course, this is not true. Silver can darken, for example, from an orange-cap boletus, but does not change its color when heated with the same pale toadstool. You can check it yourself, but still it is better not to arrange such experiments. Also, there are myths among the people that mushrooms become poisonous if they grow near rusty iron or snake nests. Such stories should be treated as folklore, interesting as folk legends, but with no practical value.
Do I need to know the signs of poisonous mushrooms?
No less ridiculous and dangerous beliefs of someoptimistic people who believe that poisonous mushrooms are rare, so you should not bother with their distinctive features. In fact, in our forests you can find about 90 such species, and about 10 of them are lethal for us.
Of course, this does not mean that in order toTo avoid poisoning by mushrooms, they need to be bought only in grocery stores. The purpose of this article is to show the reader the importance of knowledge not only of tasty and edible species, but also of signs by which they can be distinguished from poisonous counterparts.
Double mushroom
According to some signs, edible species canremind poisonous. And there are quite a few such similar cases. Among the mushroom pickers, the couple is known as “autumn moussement - a dangerous twin”. The name of the inedible congener is false conifer. This is a generic name for several species that have some similarities with the autumn discovery. These mushrooms belong to the genus Gifolom and Psalitrell. Some of them are simply inedible, some - poisonous. As for certain species, there are still discussions about whether they can be considered conditionally edible. But there is no clear evidence that the person who uses them as food does not harm himself. Therefore, it is better not to risk and limit the collection of only autumn agaric. Moreover, in the season there are a lot of them in the forest.
Where do inedible and poisonous twins grow?
False mushrooms grow in the same places asedible - on the stumps, deadwood and living trees, so the novice mushroom picker can make a mistake. In order to be sure that the forest gifts you have collected can be eaten, you need to know the signs of edible mushrooms and their dangerous counterpart.
Differences of the spotting of the false from the grain of the autumn
The dangerous twin can easily be distinguished from its edible congener.
The first thing you should pay attention to iscolor caps. In edible powder, it has a color from beige to yellowish-dark brown. And the old mushrooms are usually darker than the young. The parts of the caps that are closed from the sun are usually much lighter. The dangerous twin of the autumn bastard often has a bright defiant coloration.
The second distinguishing feature - the color of the dispute.In edible mushrooms they are white, so you can see a white patina on the caps of old mushrooms. This is controversy. With their help settled agaric. The third thing that should be checked is the presence of a filmy “skirt” on the leg of the bud. False autumn seedling does not have it. This feature is the most important distinction worth paying attention to. The “skirt” of the autumn honey agaric is a remnant of a protective cover covering a young mushroom. The dangerous twin of the autumn balsam has no such cover.
Четвертое отличие, помогающее выделить опасный autumn billet double is the color of the plates on the inside of the mushroom cap. In inedible species with which it is better not to deal with, the plates are yellow if the fungus is young and the greenish-olive ones are in the old ones. For autumn experiences it is typical cream, beige or light yellow color plates.
The fifth difference is the surface of the mushroom cap.In autumn, it is covered with small scales. And their coloring is usually darker than the cap itself. But old mushrooms lose their scales and become smooth. True, such overgrown mushrooms no longer have nutritional value, therefore they are not interested in mushroom pickers.
The sixth sign that helps distinguish an edible mushroom is its smell. Mushrooms autumn smell pleasantly, and the smell of false ones gives off mold.
Conclusion
The knowledge of these signs will be enough toto be able to distinguish the autumn hue. Photo mushroom will help you not to be mistaken. But it is even better to take with you an experienced connoisseur who will show you how the autumn mushrooms look like. After you see them with your own eyes, it will be difficult for you to confuse them with any other kind. But the old woman also has a blunder, so don’t forget the main rule of mushroom pickers: “Not sure - don’t take it.”
