Do you know what conceptualism is?This is one of the directions of scholastic philosophy. According to this doctrine, the manifestation of knowledge comes with experience, but does not come from the experience gained. Conceptualism can also be represented as a synthesis of rationalism with empiricism. This term is derived from the Latin word conceptus, which means thought, concept. Despite the fact that this is a philosophical trend, it is also a cultural movement that emerged in the 20th century.
Conceptualism representatives
Pierre Abelard, two John - Duns Scott andSalisbury, John Duns, John Locke - all these philosophers are united by conceptualism. These are the philosophers who believe that ideas common to all manifest themselves during the acquisition of experience by an individual. That is, until we encounter this or that phenomenon, we will not understand the essence of this or that human problem. For example, until we experience injustice on ourselves, we will not understand the very essence of justice. By the way, this theory is widely spread in the creative environment - conceptualism in art, in particular in painting. His most prominent representative among artists is Joseph Kosuth, and among musicians he is Henry Flint.
Conceptual art
Joseph Kosuth explained the significance of this theory infull rethinking of the functioning of works of art and of culture in general. He argued that art is the power of the idea, but by no means material. His composition One Man and Three Chairs, which he finished in 1965, became a classic example of conceptualism. Conceptualism in painting refers not to the spiritual and emotional perception of what is depicted, but to the comprehension of what is seen through the intellect. In conceptual art, the concept of artwork, be it a painting or a book, or a musical creation, is more important than its physical expression. This means that the main purpose of art is precisely the transfer of thoughts, ideas. By the way, conceptual objects can be more modern types of works, for example, photographs, video or audio materials, etc.
Conceptualism in painting
As already noted, one of the most ideologicalRepresentatives of this trend is the artist Marcel Duchamp (France). He prepared the ground for conceptualists for a long time, creating ready-made ones. The most famous of them was the fountain fountain created by the artist in 1917. By the way, he was presented at an exhibition organized for independent artists in New York. What did Duchamp want to show with his work? A urinal is a common item used for sanitary purposes. If it is produced in a factory, then naturally it cannot be considered a work of art. However, if a creator, an artist participated in its creation, the urinal ceases to be an ordinary household item because it is unique, has aesthetic virtues and thought has been used to create it. In short, conceptualism is the triumph of ideas over emotions. This makes this or that work valuable.
Russian conceptualism
This philosophical and artistic movement also hadplace in Russia, in particular in Moscow. It began in the unofficial art of the Soviet Union in the early 70s of the last century. However, the term Moscow conceptualism arose a little later, in 1979, with the light hand of Boris Groys, who published an article in the magazine “From A to Z” entitled “Romantic Moscow Conceptualism”. It has two branches: literary-centered and analytical.
Examples of conceptual art
The first significant work in this direction,exhibited in 1953, is the work of Robert Rauschenberg “Blurred drawing Kuinga”. Admit it, a strange name for an art sample. In addition, the question arises: who is the author of this work, Rauschenberg or Quing? The fact is that after some time after creating this picture, Willem de Kooning by Robert Milton Ernest Rauschenberg erased it and presented it for his work. The essence of his act was dictated by the desire to challenge the idea of traditional art. He was a supporter of ready-made - a conceptual trend in painting, according to which it does not matter who the original author is, the end result is important, that is, the idea that is embedded in the work created. The most obvious example of ready-made is collages collected from fragments of various works. Another representative of this trend, Yves Klein, became the author of the "Aerostatic Sculpture of Paris". To do this, he needed 1001 balloons and placed them in the sky over Paris. This was done to advertise the exhibition over Le Vide.
Conclusion
Итак, основоположником этого течения считается Marcel Duchamp. It was he who proposed the definition that in art not an object is important, but an idea. The end result, its aesthetics is not important, but it is important who is the author and what was the meaning of his idea. In short, conceptualism is such a trend in painting, literature, music, art as a whole, in which works are largely incomprehensible to the viewer, reader, listener, or they are perceived by everyone in a special way.
