Sulfuric acid is widely used invarious branches of human activity. The modern chemical industry includes it in the list of main products of production, the level of its production is an indirect indicator of the potential of chemical production in a particular country. Every year around 160 million tons of this substance is produced in the world.
According to its physical and chemical properties of sulfuricacid is a dibasic acid, in this compound sulfur reaches the highest oxidation state (+6). Under normal conditions in a concentrated state, sulfuric acid is a heavy oily liquid that has neither color nor odor. Sulfuric acid in solution is used. As a solvent can be used as ordinary water, and sulfuric anhydride. It is considered to be a solution of water, if the ratio of the number of molecules of sulfuric anhydride to the amount of water is less than unity. When this indicator is exceeded, the expression is used - a solution of sulfuric anhydride in sulfuric acid or oleum.
Производство серной кислоты обеспечивает этим a valuable product is the technological process of creating mineral fertilizers, it is used as an electrolyte in lead batteries, acid is the main component in the production of various mineral salts and acids. Chemical fibers, dyes, smoke-generating and explosives in their production technology use sulfuric acid. Without it, it is impossible to imagine the oil, metalworking, textile, leather and other industries.
Even the food industry has not been withoutuse of this substance - getting food supplement E513 (emulsifier). Industrial organic synthesis, dehydration (the process of producing esters, diethyl ether), hydration (extraction of ethanol from ethylene), sulfonation (production of synthetic detergents and intermediates in the preparation of dyes), alkylation (synthesis of isooctane, caprolactam, polyethylene glycol), restoration of tar in filters on distilled water production lines - none of these processes is complete without the use of sulfuric acid.
The production of sulfuric acid provides the mostThe main consumer of this substance is the synthesis of mineral fertilizers. For example, to get a ton of phosphate fertilizers, you need to spend from two to three and a half tons of sulfuric acid. For this reason, sulfuric acid plants, which are responsible for the production of sulfuric acid, are being built in conjunction with plants producing mineral fertilizers.
For the extraction of sulfuric acid are used twotechnological method. The production of sulfuric acid by the contact method is the main and is ninety percent, the nitrous (tower) method has become less prevalent. Despite the drawbacks and advantages of each, the production of sulfuric acid from pyrites displaced nitrous due to more attractive indicators of cost, purity and high concentration of the finished product at the output.
Mastering sulfuric acid plants contactmethod of synthesis, the production of sulfuric acid can be divided into three stages. At the first stage, pyrite is fired; for this purpose, special firing furnaces in the so-called "fluidized bed" are used. The second stage involves the oxidation of sulfuric gas to sulfur oxide (VI), and in the third stage oleum is obtained, which is poured into tanks and sent to customers.
The production of sulfuric acid by the nitrous method has not found wide use due to the insufficient purity of the output product, which limits its use.
Regardless of the methods and methods of production, the production of sulfuric acid requires manufacturers to pay special attention to environmental protection.
