In 1782 he finished work on his best work - the comedy “Idle” - DI Fonvizin.
Traditionally writtenclassicism, it nevertheless became innovative for its time. This was manifested in the problematic (the author makes you think about the issues of upbringing, government, social and family relations), and in the image of the characters. Despite the fact that in the comedy "Undersight" positive and negative characters are clearly demarcated, the attitude of the reader (or viewer) towards them is not always unequivocal. Let's try to figure out why.
Classic traditions in the work
Let's start with the fact that the comedy Fonvizin celebratesthe unity of time (day) and place (the estate of Prostakova), a love triangle and the presence of a resonator, saying last names. The main characters are grouped around Starodum and Prostakova, the minor ones adjoin one or the other. This is how the groups are formed: a young uneducated nobleman Mitrofanushka - he is undersized - positive and negative heroes, distinguished by their social status, moral convictions, attitudes to others, speech, etc.
"I curse, then fight ..."
The phrase uttered by Prostakova fully characterizes the characters causing a negative assessment. The powerful (until a certain time) owner of the estate is the main negative hero.
“Minor” - a parody of what happened inmany noble families, not distinguished by intelligence and literacy, but who had money and power. Mrs. Prostakova reigns supreme over the whole house - even her weak-willed husband is afraid of her. "Swindler", "idiot", "hardy", "canal" and under. - This is her usual appeal to others. Only she calls her son “darling” and makes it clear that she does everything for his happiness. Prostakova is an uneducated and angry person who feels the situation very well. She knows who is not worth a penny, but who should smile, please.
With the development of the action in the comedy "The Low End"positive and negative characters are characterized from different sides. So, we learn the history of Prostakova’s life from her communication with Starodom. She inherited all her life principles from the same ignorant parents. In turn, she instilled in their beloved Mitrofanushka.
Not much different from sister Skotinin.This hero Fonvizin almost completely deprived of human appearance. And the last name sounds like a non-human, and the only passion that turns into a passion is pigs, and the lexicon is appropriate. And when it comes to marriage, his own nephew, who also wants to grasp the rich inheritance of the bride, turns into a rival for him.
Mitrofanushka - the negative hero
Nedorosl - so called young in Russiaa minor nobleman who has not yet entered the service. It is at this age is Mitrofanushka - "like a mother." He is as illiterate, rude, two-faced, cunning, like Prostakova. Moreover, he is lazy, contemptuous of all kinds of sciences and teachers, but at the same time fully assimilating the laws of immorality, deception, ability to please. He already fully felt the taste of power, which gave him the position. Even Mitrofanushka treats his father as an insignificant person, as evidenced by his “dream”. However, it can be noted that the underage will go further than its mother. In this regard, the behavior of the hero in the final scene, when he quite rudely pushes her away with the words: “Yes, get away, mother, how she sticks ...”. By the way, it was after the Fonvizin comedy that the word “nedorosl” acquired a general meaning with a negative assessment.
Prostakov's antipodes are goodies
"Thinner" differs clearly markedauthor's assessment of the historical events of the end of the XYIII century. The image of Starodum plays a significant role in this. This is a sixty-year-old husband who, in his own time, made a small fortune by his own work while working in Siberia. Then he fought, after the resignation he served at the court. As a person who is fair and has seen a lot, he gives a not entirely biased characteristic of the state system, officials, and public relations. Starodum paid special attention to the need to serve the benefit of the Fatherland, emphasizing the role of education. It is not by chance that many of his statements, for example, “Have a heart, have a soul, and you will be a man ...” immediately became aphorisms.
There were other goodies - "Thing" inthis respect is strictly consistent with tradition. This is a Moscow official of Pravdin (he came to expose evil), Starodum’s niece and heiress Sophia, who had been oppressed for a long time in Prostakova’s home, a young officer who dreamed of devoting life to the Fatherland, Milon. Their statements and actions even more expose the vices of such people as Prostakov and Skotinin. They have virtually no flaws, so they can be called ideal people.
Thus, in the comedy "Indulge"positive and negative characters play a strictly defined role. The former expose evil and cruelty, and their speeches affirm the principles of a just social order. The latter embody the most common human vices: ignorance, despotism, selfishness, confidence in their own superiority, etc.
Author's innovation
With all the traditions, comedy hada number of differences from their predecessors. Adherence to realism - this is something new that introduced the play Fonvizin. "Thin-tree", whose characters are shown brightly and multifaceted, is characterized by a desire for typification. What happened in the Prostakov family is viewed through the prism of social order and makes one think about issues such as serfdom, forms of government in the state, and the importance of education. As a result, we are already talking about the violation of the triunity as one of the requirements of classicism.
The unexpected is that in the finalthe reader sympathizes with the cruel Prostakova, who has become a victim of her own maliciousness. Against this background, the words of Starodum sound even more eloquently: “Have a heart, have a soul, and you will be a man at any time” - which do not lose their relevance today.
