The 18th century was marked by major transformations,associated with the activities of Peter I. Russia has become a major power: military power has strengthened, ties with other states, science and technology have received great development. Of course, all this could not affect the development of literature and culture. Both Peter and Catherine perfectly understood that the inertia and backwardness of the country can be overcome only with the help of education, culture and literature.
Features of classicism
Literature deserves special consideration. 18century. In the perception of the modern reader, it is associated with such names as: M. V. Lomonosov, A. N. Radishchev. Thus, classicism is born in literature - a trend, the founders of which are rightfully considered to be masters of the artistic word. At school, students write a work on the theme "The literature of the 18th century in the perception of the modern reader." The writing should express the opinion of our contemporaries on the literature of the era of classicism. It is necessary to raise questions of the form and content of works.
In the first place classicists put duty and honor,personal feelings were supposed to obey a social beginning. Of course, the 18th century literature is complex in perception. The modern reader is confused by a particular language, style. Classical writers created works, adhering to the theory of the trinity. This means that the events reflected in the work should have been limited in time, place and action. Also an important role in classicism was played by the theory of "three calms", belonging to M. V. Lomonosov. According to this theory, genres in literature were divided into three groups. At first, the ode was very popular, kings, heroes and gods were praised in it. The authors listed their merits, but often not those that they actually achieved, but those that should have been achieved for the benefit of the people. But soon satire will actively develop. Disappointed in the fair rule of the kings, poets and writers in poems and comedies by means of satirical mockery blamed the vices of the highest judges. Take, for example, Derzhavin's work “Felitsa”. It combines an ode and satire. Glorifying Catherine, Gabriel Romanovich at the same time exposes her courtiers. Felitsa received great recognition in its time. The poet was close to the court. However, very soon Derzhavin was greatly disappointed in the power of the powerful.
The specifics of writing
However, gradually the framework in which it was concludedclassicism, begin to limit the possibilities of artistic masters. "The literature of the 18th century in the perception of the modern reader" - an essay (9th grade) on this topic should give an idea of the literary directions of the time. School writing on this topic should include elements of the analysis of works of art. For example, if you take a classic poem, it is precisely because of these strict rules and a flowery language that 18th century literature is difficult in the perception of the modern reader.
Sentimentalism
If the classicists were based on the publicthe beginning, the civic duty of man, the sentimentalists who followed after them turned to the inner world of the heroes, to their personal experiences. A special place in sentimentalism belongs to N. M. Karamzin. The end of the 18th century was marked by a transition to a new direction in literature, called “romanticism”. The main character of the romantic work was the ideal character, absolutely lonely and suffering, protesting against the injustice of life.
Литература 18 века в восприятии современного Reader has not lost its value, and, perhaps, even received a new recognition. It has not lost its relevance today, because the problems raised and solved by the masters of the 18th century also disturb the reader today. We still continue to love and suffer from unrequited love. We often choose between feeling and duty. And does the modern social structure suit us?
Modern evaluation
Therefore, it is important that the theme “Literature of the 18th century inthe perception of the modern reader ”on the example of the works of specific authors reflected precisely the modern attitude. Especially it is necessary to dwell on the following works: “Poor Liza” by N. M. Karamzin, “To Lords and Judges” by G. R. Derzhavin, “Nedorosl” by DI Fonvizin.
How could the story of poor girl Liza from the story of N. M. Karamzin, who fell in love and deceived and committed suicide at such a young age, could not touch the heart?
Comedy deserves attention too"Thing". The main problem that the author raises is enlightenment. He himself was of the opinion that home education, widespread in the nobility environment, was not as useful for children as it seemed. When children are brought up at home, children fully adopt all the habits and behaviors of adults, they become unsuitable for independent living. Such is Mitrofan. He lives in an atmosphere of lies and spiritual poverty, sees before him only the negative sides of reality. The writer, stressing Mitrofan's copying the manners of others, poses the question: who will grow out of it?
The world is in constant progress.With the latest achievements, people have gone far ahead. And sometimes classicism seems to us to be not entirely appropriate and correct, and “tear dramas” cause a smile with their naivety. But the merit of the literature of the 18th century can never be underestimated, and over time its role in the general context of literature will only grow.
Thus, the literature of the 18th century in the perception of the modern reader will, in spite of everything, remain a special milestone in the development of Russian literature and culture.
