Table of vaccinations up to a year for children. Calendar of vaccinations for children under one year

Modern parents are divided into three types:the first are for vaccinating children, others are against, and still others are in thought. Before joining any of the groups, it is necessary to understand the concept of "vaccination" and get acquainted with the presented material. We will consider all major vaccinations for up to a year (which are mandatory and which are optional), and we will also look at the list of vaccines administered after one year of age.

History of vaccination

The first vaccination records are dated.8th century. At that time, Ayurveda's healers discovered that the smallpox vaccine caused immunity to its severe form. But due to the lack of knowledge about the varieties of the disease, the result of vaccination was often fatal.

For centuries, scientists from different countriesdealt with the issue of disease prevention through vaccination, conducted research, wrote scientific papers. But only at the end of the 19th century, Louis Pasteur (French immunologist) was able to get close enough to the methodology for developing vaccines for various infectious diseases.

Since the beginning of the twentieth century, more than 100 different vaccines have been developed, which protect against forty infections caused by bacteria, viruses and protozoa.

What is vaccination?

Vaccination (vaccination) is an increaseimmunity by synthetic means, by introducing into the human body a special material to increase its resistance to various infectious diseases. Vaccinations do in the preventive and medical purposes.

Vaccination methods

Vaccinating children is carried out in the following ways:

1. Intramuscular injections.The most preferred method of administering vaccines, as in this case, it resolves faster, immunity starts to be developed faster, and the risk of allergic reactions is reduced.
2. Пероральный способ.Thus, a vaccine for enterovirus infections is introduced, which is in the form of drops, with sugar or cracker, swallowed by the patient. The disadvantage of this method is that the correct dosage may not be respected.
3. Intracutaneously. This method introduces vaccines such as anti-tuberculosis BCG, live tularemia and anti-smallpox.
4. Subcutaneous injections. The method is preferred for many inactivated and "live" vaccines (for rubella, measles, mumps, yellow fever, and others).
5. Intranasal method. Implies the introduction of a vaccine through the nose and is a method of dealing with diseases spreading through airborne droplets.

Mandatory and optional vaccinations

On the territory of the Russian Federation, a vaccination plan for up to one year includes compulsory and additional vaccinations.

Обязательная вакцинация – прививки от инфекций и diseases of the most severe forms. They are also included in the national and regional immunization schedules. Additional vaccination is carried out at the request of the patient, for example, before traveling.

В последний раз национальный календарь прививок children up to one year old and older was approved by the Order of the Ministry of Health and Social Development of the Russian Federation of February 31, 2011 under the number 51n “On approval of the national immunization schedule for epidemic indications”. An approved table of vaccinations up to a year or older provides for the introduction of vaccines against such major common infectious viral and bacterial diseases as hepatitis B, tuberculosis, poliomyelitis, diphtheria, whooping cough, tetanus, mumps and others.

Mandatory vaccinations for children up to a year - schedule

Below is a list of vaccinations that are mandatory for a child under one year old.

The schedule of vaccinations up to a year may slightly shift, for example, vaccination against tuberculosis for children who at birth weighed less than 2000 grams, is done later, as they have very thin skin.

Additional vaccinations

The list of preventive vaccinations is quite large, so the most common ones will be mentioned below.

What vaccinations a year do to the child without fail

After a comprehensive vaccination at 6 months, the child is vaccinated at 1 year. It includes vaccination against rubella, measles and mumps.

Measles is a viral disease that spreads through the airborne way (during a conversation, when coughing, sneezing, etc.). The temperature rises to 39-40 ^aboutC. The symptoms are as follows: intoxication, rash, lesions of the nasal mucosa and larynx (runny nose, cough, sneezing, photophobia).

Rubella is a viral infection.Distributed by airborne droplets. Children are easier than adults to suffer the disease. Symptoms are: a slight fever, rash, swollen lymph nodes. If a child has rubella in the womb, then there is a high risk of miscarriage or the development of congenital malformations.

Mumps - a virus that causesmumps disease. When it enters a healthy body through airborne droplets and through contaminated objects, it begins to multiply rapidly in the salivary glands. Symptoms: fever, increased salivary glands, general malaise, loss of appetite.

A comprehensive vaccination is made a year under the scapula. Revaccination occurs at 6 years. Vaccination at 1 year forms immune protection against measles, rubella and mumps for 25 years.

The difference of state vaccinations from paid

Recently, there have been frequent cases when doctorsPolyclinics offer parents to do both state free vaccinations and paid. In this case, one hundred percent claim that the paid vaccine is better, no.

Most often paid vaccinations for children up to a yearare a vaccine that contains components against several diseases, for example, from diphtheria, whooping cough, hepatitis B, poliomyelitis, type B influenza. Free vaccination is characterized by the fact that one or more components are missing. This does not mean that it will be ineffective. Just a schedule of vaccinations up to one year provides for vaccinations in several ways, for example, vaccination against polio is done separately (not intramuscularly, but orally).

Также из-за большого количества вакцин после Paid vaccinations There is a proportion of the likelihood of side effects, which would not have been the case for standard vaccinations. All vaccines, paid and public, are included in the list of recommended and licensed by the World Health Organization (WHO).

Contraindications for vaccination

There are the following contraindications for vaccination:

1. True, that is, those that are proven by various studies and listed in official Russian and international instructions.
2. False, created by opponents of vaccination.
3. Absolute - are true contraindications in which vaccination is excluded completely.
4. Conditional (relative) - refer to the truecontraindications, in which the doctor decides to vaccinate, based on the history of the patient's clinical map and the current epidemic situation.
5. Temporary, that is, the presence of the patient at the timevaccination of the following symptoms: fever, unacceptable results of blood and urine tests, excessive or underestimated clinical norm, weakness, presence of inflammatory processes.
6. Permanent - those that are not removed, even over time.
7. Private contraindications relate to a specific vaccine.

More information with contraindications can be found by examining the table below.

The provided list of contraindications tends to decrease. This is due to recent vaccine improvements.

Tips: before, during and after grafting

In order for the vaccine to fulfill its purpose, and not cause harm, and the child was not afraid in the future of this procedure, the following recommendations exist:

• blood and urine tests should be performed;
• obtain the opinions of a children's neuropathologist and allergist;
• do not feed the child before vaccination with new food;
• Do not scare your baby with vaccinations, even if it is a comic form;
• take your baby’s favorite toy and a clean diaper or bed sheet with you for vaccination;
• Do not forget the vaccination certificate (if any);
• discuss with your doctor all your questions and doubts;
• on the day of the vaccination itself, measure the baby’s body temperature;
• try not to worry yourself and not show your anxiety to the child;
• if during the vaccination the baby cried, then let him cry, and then let the baby take a deep and slow breath.

After vaccination, remember the following:

• stay for half an hour in the clinic to stabilize the child’s condition;
• in the case of DPT vaccination during the hot season, give the child a febrifuge;
• on the day of vaccination avoid water treatments and long walks.

Also do not forget that changing the usualThe diet of the baby can be no earlier than 3 days after vaccination. Side effects do not necessarily appear immediately, some may occur only on the 5th day.