The normal temperature of a person's body depends onwork thermoregulatory center, which is located in the hypothalamus. In mammals, the temperature of the skin changes over a wide range of 35.5 - 39.5 ° C. The most "hot" creatures are birds, because on average their body temperature fluctuates in the range of 38.8-43 ° C. The high temperature allows you to be more active, especially in the winter. To maintain a high body temperature, you need an excellent appetite. For comparison, here's an example: a crocodile needs to eat 20 (!) Times less food per day than a person weighing 60 kg.
Reliable thermometers appeared only in the middleXVIII century, and then scientists decided that the normal temperature of the human body should be 37 ° C when measured rectally or orally. But in fact, the average temperature is 36.6 ° or perhaps even less, as evidenced by the latest research. Throughout the whole day, the normal body temperature of a person varies from 35.5 to 37.2 °. The temperature varies according to the daily rhythm: the lowest one - in the morning, at about 6 o'clock, and the maximum values it reaches in the evening. Normal human body temperature does not depend on the level of our activity, it follows the solar daily rhythm: a person who works at night and sleeps during the day, changes in temperature during the day, unlike other people, no. Lower values of temperature (below 35 °) indicate the development of a serious disease (most often the effects of irradiation). With a significant supercooling, a person falls into a stupor (with a decrease in values to 32.2 °). When you reach the mark of 29.5 °, most people lose consciousness, and at a temperature of 26.5 ° C or lower, death occurs. The recorded survival record for supercooling is 16 °, and in the experiment - 8.8 ° C.
The normal temperature of a person's body depends onage and sex. In general, the body temperature of the male body is slightly higher, about half a degree. In the first days of life in children, the temperature is often increased and is about 37 ° C in the armpit. Then the normal temperature in a child is not different from that of an adult. It should be noted that in the body of girls stabilization of body temperature occurs at 13-14 years, but the boys later - at 18. With age, the body's temperature decreases, because all processes in the body, including thermo products, are slowing down. Also, its variability decreases under the influence of temperature in the environment.
There is a topography of skin temperatures (ynewborn it is absent). The "coldest" parts of the body are the shells of the ears, the tip of the nose and the distal parts of the limbs. For these places, the temperature is 23-30 °. The most "hot" are the axillary region, perineum, epigastrium, the area of the lips, neck, cheeks. In other areas, the temperature varies between 31-33.5 ° C.
For each specific person is characteristicnormal temperature value. The normal temperature of a person can be 37.7. To find out the normal parameters, you need to measure the temperature when the person is healthy and necessarily calm (there is an increase in it when overheating, emotional excitement, increased physical activity). Better measure it not only in the armpit, but also in the rectum. Make it necessary in the morning, then in the afternoon and in the evening. Note that a newborn baby can be measured under the arm, in the rectum and in the inguinal fold, but not in the mouth (only with a special thermometer-dummy). Collect the data and remember. If suddenly you get sick, you will be able to understand with certainty how much your temperature has risen, which will allow you to conduct a more accurate diagnosis of your health in a timely manner.
