Почки - это органы, отвечающие за выделительную body function. Thanks to the work of these organs, all substances entering the bloodstream are filtered. They are responsible for maintaining water-salt and electrolyte metabolism. In addition, they produce the hormone "erythropoietin" necessary for ensuring the function of blood formation. You can evaluate the work of the kidneys by urine analysis. There are many different laboratory techniques for conducting this study. In addition to the fact that, according to the state of the secreted fluid, it is possible to find out about the presence of inflammatory processes and impaired filtration ability of the kidneys, sometimes crystals are found in the urine. Normally they should not be. Therefore, the appearance of crystals in the analysis of urine indicates functional impairment. In some cases, these changes are observed in the presence of stones. Sometimes this phenomenon indicates a predisposition to certain kidney diseases. In this case, the pathology itself may not yet develop.
Crystals in the urine: the cause of the appearance in healthy people
The crystals are a cluster of salts,forming urinary sediment. Their appearance in small quantities is not always a deviation and sometimes occurs in healthy people. If the crystals in the urine are significantly elevated, this indicates a violation of mineral metabolism. There are the following reasons for the appearance of salts in OAM:
- Predominance in the diet of some products.These include meat, tomatoes, asparagus, sorrel, lingonberries. The fact is that this food has a large amount of acids, which crystallize and precipitate.
- Increased sweating during exercise.
- Acceptance of some antibacterial drugs (sulfonamide drugs, ampicillin).
- Drinking unfiltered tap water.
- Alkaline urine reaction. Observed in the presence of inflammation in the kidneys.
If due to the reasons listedamorphous crystals in urine, this is not a pathological condition. However, the constant consumption of large amounts of foods containing acids is considered to be a predisposing factor in the formation of kidney stones.
The appearance of amorphous crystals in pathology
Crystals in the urine may be different.It depends on what salts they are formed from. The crystals are subdivided into phosphates, urates and calcium oxalates. Of all these substances can form stones in the kidneys or bladder. In some cases, stones contain several different salts. Phosphates often precipitate during bladder infection (cystitis), and they also appear due to increased release of parathyroid hormone. Urats are accumulations of uric acid salts. Excessive production of this substance indicates a violation of mineral metabolism in the body (gout). In addition, urates are often present in the urine in chronic diseases of the renal tissue (nephritis, chronic renal failure). Most often the stones consist of calcium, which is excreted in large quantities and forms crystals. Oxalate in the urine is observed in diseases such as pyelonephritis and diabetes mellitus.
Присутствие некоторых видов кристаллов всегда indicates a pathological condition. These include salts of hypuric acid, the accumulation of cholesterol, bilirubin, leucine, tyrosine, hematoidin. Normally, these substances should not be excreted by the kidneys.
Symptoms in the presence of crystals in the urine
Most often, the presence of crystals in the urine does notmanifests itself. Especially if there is a small amount of salt accumulation. Symptoms occur during the formation of stones and the development of urolithiasis. In this case, the kidneys are disrupted due to obstruction of the renal pelvis system. Also, calculi can accumulate in the bladder and enter the ducts. As a consequence, develops such a syndrome as renal colic. The patient complains of severe back pain, extending down the abdomen and groin area. Due to the fact that there is a stone in the ureter, the discharge of fluid is difficult. The pain in renal colic is so strong that the patient assumes a forced position: on the side with bringing the legs to the stomach. Crystals in the urine of a child are most often observed due to inflammatory pathologies (acute and chronic pyelonephritis, cystitis). Such illnesses are accompanied by fever, nausea, lower back pain and abdominal pain (usually on the one hand).
Diagnosis in the presence of crystals in the urine: decoding analyzes
Ураты, фосфаты и кристаллы кальция в моче detected by microscopic examination. In addition to OAM, a biochemical blood test is performed. The presence of crystals in the urine is indicated by a “+” sign. For example, the entry “urates +++” means that these substances are abundant. Also determine the pH level. If this indicator is normal, conduct a more in-depth examination. Urine analysis is performed according to Zimnitsky, Nechiporenko, ultrasound of the kidneys, excretory urography. In some cases, it is necessary to conduct a study of the parathyroid glands. In addition to laboratory and instrumental diagnostics, you should find out: what foods a person consumed before serving OAM, whether he drinks unfiltered water.
Amorphous crystals in the urine: treatment
После выяснения причины появления кристаллов в urine is prescribed treatment. If there are large stones in the kidneys, surgical intervention is required. In cases where crystals appear on the background of a disease (pyelonephritis, diabetes, gout), treatment should be directed to the underlying pathology. With the development of renal colic, antispasmodic drugs are prescribed (“No-shpa”, “Drotaverin” tablets), uroseptics.
How to prevent the formation of crystals in the urine
To prevent the formation of crystals inurinary sediment, you must periodically take OAM. Indeed, often the accumulation of salts is not accompanied by any symptoms. It should be remembered that crystals rarely form with proper nutrition. Therefore it is necessary to use foods that contain acids in limited quantities. It is not recommended to drink "raw" unfiltered water. In the presence of inflammatory and metabolic diseases, it is necessary to follow a doctor’s prescription.
