The modern rhythm of life is helpfulany person has many opportunities to get injured. Hurrying to work in the morning, and home in the evening, a metropolis resident sometimes completely ignores the surrounding situation. Negligence in the workplace is no less traumatic. And how many situations arise in everyday life! Sport also presents an unpleasant surprise to a man who does not calculate his strength. Well, I do not even want to touch criminal situations.
У всех обстоятельств результат, как правило, один - Traumatic brain injury. In this case, the main thing is to be able to properly recognize the symptoms of concussion in adults and to provide timely and necessary help. It is very important that the measures taken do not cause harm to the patient.
What happens in the brain?
In the human body, this organ is placed inliquid. It protects the brain from bumps against the skull bone. But, unfortunately, with strong shocks or bruises such a protection mechanism is not enough. As a result, injuries occur. In this case, all the symptoms of concussion in adults are evident.
The phenomenon disrupts the work of the body. At the same time, it does not lead to irreversible processes. Quite often during a concussion, the bones of the skull, soft tissues, vessels or shells are damaged.
The characteristic of each stage occurring inbrain, and today modern doctors is not defined. However, most doctors claim that the phenomenon leads to disruption of the normal functioning of nerve cells. After all, when concussion of the brain worsens their nutrition, there is a displacement of tissue layers, the connection between the centers is lost. As a result, the smallest hemorrhages, microfiche, edema appear. Unfortunately, even an MRI does not show such changes.
Types of injuries
Any head damage originallysubdivided into open and closed. At the first type of injury, soft tissues and skull bones are touched. Closed damage is less dangerous. However, they require no less attention. In turn, they are divided into a mild concussion and severe, squeezing, bruising.
A serious injury is quite dangerous.After all, severe concussion is diagnosed with significant damage to individual sections or vascular rupture. This condition often leads to loss of consciousness. The time during which the patient was in the above condition, determines the severity. Coma is the most serious stage. The patient, regaining consciousness, quite often does not remember others and does not understand what happened to him.
Degrees of gravity
In medicine, there is a classification of thisphenomena proposed by doctors from Colorado and accepted internationally. According to her, there are three degrees of concussion. Each of them directly characterizes the lesion of an important organ.
So, the accepted gradation:
- 1 degree. This stage is a slight concussion.Symptoms that characterize the patient's condition - a violation of motor coordination, confusion. The loss of the latter is not at all peculiar to the first degree. Amnesia is also not observed in patients.
- 2 degree. This form refers to moderately severe injuries. At this degree, there is confusion, as a rule, without losing it. However, the main symptom is the manifestation of amnesia.
- 3 degree. The worst category of injury. A clear sign of this stage is loss of consciousness.
The time interval in the classification is indicatedquite blurry. “A small interval” of unconsciousness can vary from a few seconds to tens of minutes, according to local doctors. This symptom is considered in conjunction with other signs of concussion. The severity is determined only by the overall picture of the patient's condition. All signs are counted.
Main symptoms
It is very important to correctly and timely identify signs of concussion in adults. After all, a person who is injured, needs to provide medical care.
It should be understood that the following symptoms of concussion in adults may not immediately appear and not all. And some signs (it depends on the severity of the injury) will not arise at all.
The most obvious symptoms include:
- Headache. This sign is quite obvious, because the victim was injured.
- Hyperactive behavior or severe sleepiness.
- Nausea, vomiting.
- Failure in coordination of movements. The symptom directly indicates a brain injury. As a rule, dizziness is connected to the phenomenon.
- Noise in ears. Symptom due to impaired blood supply to the brain.
- Double eyes.
- Loss of consciousness. This is the main symptom that characterizes concussion. As previously stipulated, the time interval may vary.
- The size of the pupils. It is recommended to check it out. Sometimes with a concussion, the pupils may take on different shapes.
- Cramps. A sign that directly indicates a concussion.
- Irritation to loud sounds and bright light. Having regained consciousness, the patient may experience serious discomfort from the strong sources mentioned above.
- Confusion of consciousness. During the conversation, you may be faced with the fact that the patient does not even remember what happened to him.
- "Oiled" speech.
Quite a long time the patientthere is a headache. It may be accompanied by various autonomic dysfunctions. This may be lack of appetite, jumps in the pulse, pressure, or weakness. Mood instability is characteristic of patients. It varies from utter apathy to strong irritability.
Often the question arises - what is the temperature atconcussion? After all, it is not mentioned in the list of main symptoms. And this is not by chance. After all, as a rule, the temperature during a head injury remains within the normal range. Therefore, it is often not at all focused on it, if we mean a concussion.
Symptoms and treatment for their durationcover about two weeks. After the specified period, the patient feels a significant relief. Although we can not exclude a longer time interval.
Prohibited measures in providing assistance
According to medical statistics, concussion- a fairly common injury. Consequently, almost everyone can face this phenomenon. And on how correctly he will help the victim with a concussion depends on the further prognosis. It is important to realize that the health of the patient depends on it.
Therefore, it is worthwhile to focus on measures that are completely unacceptable in the case of concussion of the brain. After all, they not only will not help the person, but worsen the condition of the victim.
- The injured head is strictly forbidden to move sharply.
- Do not transport the victim until the doctor is examined.
- In no case do not need to water or feed the patient.
- It is strictly forbidden to use drugs.
- The victim must be examined by a neurologist. Only he on the basis of the clinic can make a diagnosis.
First aid
The main symptoms after injury are:headache in different areas and different severity, loss of consciousness. Based on these clinical manifestations, the doctor will be able to conclude that the victim has a severe or mild concussion. Symptoms sometimes by the patient may be hiding. In this case, only the diagnosis will show the true picture.
- First aid for concussion impliesensuring complete rest to the patient. The victim should be laid down. It is necessary to undo the buttons and buckles on the clothes. This ensures a normal airway. The head of the victim should be turned to the side. Sometimes it is necessary to stretch the tongue. No medication should be given to the victim.
- If the patient complains of dizziness, the noise inears, then it must be laid. If you suspect a neck injury, you must fix the immobility of the latter with improvised means. As a tire, you can use clothes, tightly twisting it into a roller. It is placed under the neck and head.
- Be sure to call an ambulance.The victim can not be transported by yourself. Patient delivery by specialists is less dangerous. If it is impossible to call the brigade of assistance, then transportation should be carried out with extreme caution. The patient should be exclusively in the supine position. Best suited for these purposes rear seat of the car.
- In case of loss of consciousness, the victim can bring liquid ammonia to the nose. In this case, it is absolutely unacceptable to shake the patient, whip on the face.
- A person may complain about the increasesymptoms - increased headache, nausea, vomiting. At the same time there is a progressive deterioration. First aid for concussion in this case is the fastest delivery of the victim to a medical facility. This symptom may characterize intracranial hemorrhage. Unfortunately, in this case, conservative treatment is powerless. Only a neurosurgical operation will help here.
Diagnostic Methods
Usually this question does not cause a neurologist.hardships For the diagnosis is enough patient examination and history. However, an examination is still recommended. This allows you to exclude traumatic brain injury of a severe nature.
The survey includes the following basic measures:
- X-ray. Allows to reveal cracks or fractures of bones. The survey will also conclude on possible shifts or fractures of the neck vertebrae.
- Electroencephalography. A study of the cerebral cortex, giving an idea of even minor violations or malfunctions.
If the patient has a severe form of concussion, the doctor will refer you to a more detailed examination.
Methods of treatment
About self-control with the disease of speech be notcan. Calling an ambulance is required. It should be understood that only a doctor can make a diagnosis, carefully investigate symptoms typical for such a phenomenon as concussion of the brain. And the treatment will depend directly on the clinical picture.
As a rule, the actions of doctors include such measures as:
- Hospitalization of the victim (for any degree of severity) with the appointment of exclusively bed rest.
- Connecting drugsaimed at restoring normal functioning. Means can relieve pain, relieve insomnia, dizziness. As a rule, prescribed drugs have a sedative effect.
- Along with the main therapy, symptomatic treatment is prescribed. It enhances the metabolism. Thereby promotes the restoration of blood vessels and cells.
- It is important to follow the recommendations of the doctor on the diet.
Possible consequences
A victim who has suffered a concussion runs the risk of various complications. This may be a post-traumatic neurosis or a more serious illness. For example - epilepsy.
That is why it is very important not to engageself-treatment, and contact a neurologist for competent assistance. In this case, it is advisable to pass all designated examinations. This will allow the doctor to prescribe an effective treatment.
Preventive measures
Unfortunately, 100% nobody is immune from injury. But if we touch on the main reasons, due to which craniocerebral injuries occur most often, then there are several simple rules.
These include:
- head protection with a helmet, if required by classes (hockey, roller skating or cycling, boxing);
- use of seat belts in the car;
- maintaining a safe environment in your own home (exclude blows to the furniture, wipe the spilled liquid on the floor, maximally “unload” the aisles between the rooms).
Conclusion
Knowledge is tremendous power.This information will allow you to easily identify the symptoms of concussion in adults. And, last but not least, do not get confused, do not panic, and act correctly and professionally. Thereby you will alleviate the condition of the victim.
