In modern conditions of social instabilityand the development of the economy, the labor protection service in the enterprise began to play an important role. This is due to the fact that the problems associated with the observance of the rights of employees of enterprises to good working conditions and safety are clearly emerging.
Statistics show that in Russia for severalIn recent years, in almost all sectors of the national economy, working conditions have noticeably deteriorated, the number of industrial accidents has increased. Also, the data suggests that the number of accidents has increased, life expectancy has decreased, there are more cases of occupational diseases.
This article is devoted to the questions of why labor protection at the enterprise is needed, where to start creating the relevant service.
Statistics data
If we compare the rates of fatal injuries in industrialized countries per 1000 workers, the picture will be as follows:
- Russia - 0.139;
- Finland - 0.038;
- United States - 0.054;
- Great Britain - 0.016;
- Japan - 0.02.
And a characteristic feature is that in state-owned enterprises this figure is two times less than in private ones.
Heads of organizations should remember thatThe first place should always be safety. Occupational safety at an enterprise does not happen much; at workplaces it is always necessary to comply with the requirements put forward by the relevant international standards.
Legislation on labor protection
Legislation regulating legal relations in the field of occupational safety and health is represented by the following laws and regulations:
- The Constitution of the Russian Federation - article 37, paragraph 3;
- Labor Code: Articles 211-221;
- Federal Labor Protection Act;
- Civil Code of the Russian Federation: articles 1064-1101;
- bylaws of the Ministry of Health;
- Government Decisions.
The federal law says thatemployers of any organizations are obliged to comply with the requirements of laws relating to the safety of people's work, that the labor protection system in the enterprise must be organized on a mandatory basis.
Employer Responsibilities
According to the requirements of labor protection, the head must:
- create conditions in the workplace, which must comply with the laws;
- observe the deadlines for certification of workplaces;
- when receiving an employee, at their own expense, conduct a medical examination, and without inspection, do not allow them to work;
- at the time of planned or medical examinations for the employee to keep the place of work and the average salary.
Labor Protection Standards
Fulfillment of hygiene requirementsto which the workplace must comply with safe conditions, compensation in case of harmful production - this is what is required to provide labor protection at the enterprise.
Documents, legislative acts in this area are divided into regulatory and regulatory and technical.
Нормативный ряд документов устанавливает нормы working conditions, that is, the requirements for the level of harmful factors in the workplace. The documentation of this type is represented by Standards - requirements of Gosstandart of the Russian Federation and rules and regulations of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation.
Regulatory technical documentation listconsists of instructions, rules and regulations. It is designed to ensure the comprehensive protection of workers - hired individuals - from the effects of harmful and dangerous to health factors.
Occupational safety department status
Each head of the newly createdenterprise, a natural question arises: "What should be the labor protection at the enterprise, where to start the creation of this service and what are its functions?"
This structure is engaged in the creation and control of conditions of healthy and safe labor for workers, and also monitors the occurrence of occupational diseases and the prevention of accidents.
The Labor Protection Department is a structural subdivision of an enterprise with an independent status, which reports directly to the director.
It conducts its activities jointly and in close cooperation with the trade union and other divisions of the organization, as well as local authorities in this area and the labor inspectorate.
Divisional control functions
This service is designed to perform the following monitoring functions:
- establish mandatory labor protection control over the fulfillment by other services and departments of the regulations on the prevention of occupational diseases and accidents and monitor their implementation;
- control the timely correct development and submission of applications that relate to the supply of workers with special equipment, clothing, protective equipment;
- monitor the implementation of new scientific developments in the field of work safety;
- verify compliance with the technical requirements of the state of equipment, systems, premises and buildings;
- to monitor the state of the industrial environment.
Department functions
In addition to supervising, the division is obliged to perform work functions, which are as follows:
- identify the causes and analyze the state of occupational morbidity and injuries at work;
- carry out work on the certification of workplaces and organize their sanitary and technical certification;
- carry out staff briefing;
- carry out the development of plans to improve working conditions for health and sanitary measures;
- to participate in the development of labor agreements;
- to participate in the work of commissions that are engaged in the acceptance into operation of reconstructed or newly built production facilities;
- participate in staff appraisal commissions.
Management of the labor protection unit
According to the Labor Code of the Russian Federation, provisionThe labor activity of workers in a safe mode lies with the head of the organization He is responsible for the performance of relevant work, and when the first head is absent, the chief engineer takes over the baton - this is provided for by his instruction (official position). In this case, the labor protection engineer is directly subordinate to him.
The service should be headed by a specialist who has experience in such work and is able to organize, manage and control it.
Employees of this service are required to have practical skills in the relevant industry and higher education in the profile.
Training
The legislation of the Russian Federation on labor protection provides that all, without exception, employees of organizations, including managers, must necessarily pass the test of knowledge and training in labor protection.
The general procedure for this process is established by the Model Provision approved by the Decree of the Ministry of Labor dated October 12, 1994 N 65.
Согласно этому документу, первые руководители, то there is a director and a chief engineer, as well as members of commissions that test knowledge of labor protection, must undergo training and testing of knowledge of labor protection at specialized courses.
The program of training in labor protection is created specifically for enterprises of a particular industry, industry or profession and corresponds to the working conditions and the specifics of the organization.
The purpose of this training is to formspecialists and managers of knowledge, which are necessary for the control of knowledge and training of already employees of their enterprise, as well as to ensure OT in the enterprise as a whole.
In the process of learning are studied:
- legal and legislative acts;
- powers and functions of state inspection bodies;
- duties and rights of state supervision in the field of control over the observance of laws;
- methods of creating and managing labor protection in the enterprise;
- harmful production factors, their impact and protection against them;
- sequence of actions in the investigation and registration of occupational accidents;
- a list of heavy, hazardous and hazardous work, as well as the provision of compensation;
- public organizations to monitor the observance of interests of workers and their rights.
Creating a labor protection unit
В организациях с численностью работающих более a hundred people must be created such a unit as labor protection in the enterprise. How to start the first head of the formation of the relevant service?
The decision on how and which labor protection service will be created is made depending on the specifics of the enterprise.
In any case, you first need to:
- to study the staffing table and categories of workers; the further direction of actions will depend on this;
- determine which of the workers will be able to perform the functions of public control in the workplace;
- introduce in the staffing a unit of occupational safety and health engineer;
- department specialists responsible for carrying out work in this area, and the leaders of the organization should attend classes at the labor protection training center for forty hours;
- The order for the enterprise determines the measure of responsibility for violation of labor protection requirements and the list of officials falling under it;
- внести в структуру предприятия и штатное the schedule of changes related to the creation of a new division, for which a corresponding order is issued (labor protection at the enterprise will consist of a department with such a number of specialists that will be calculated based on the number of employees of the organization in accordance with the Recommendations, which is an annex to the Labor Protection Regulations);
- develop job descriptions and familiarize employees with them;
- All types of instruction must be organized and secured by a relevant order with deadlines and responsible persons.
Documentation of the labor protection unit
Any service in the enterprise should not onlyto fulfill their functional duties, but also to maintain a list of records corresponding to her work. This should also deal with the labor protection at the enterprise. How to start the formation of its documents, discussed below.
The documentation that the occupational safety department is required to maintain consists of the following list:
- a list of issues that should be covered on briefings;
- the plan and registration logs of all types of briefings;
- an exact list, according to the specifics of the enterprise, professions and types of work that require a mandatory systematic medical examination;
- schedules for scheduled medical examinations;
- a list of work clothes and special equipment issued free of charge;
- register of orders and orders;
- knowledge test schedules;
- a set of existing instructions and instructions on labor protection;
- the list of hazardous works and orders for the appointment of those responsible for their performance;
- register of tolerances for hazardous work;
- an occupational safety and health training program;
- register of issuance of documents on labor protection;
- register and acts of accident investigation;
- orders for those responsible for the electricity and gas sector, the operation of cargo and lifting mechanisms, structures and buildings.
