Modern types of motor activity

Physical activity is an integral part.healthy life. Types of motor activity are called exercise. They have a beneficial effect on all body systems, improving muscle tone, mood and skin condition. What else should you know about physical activity?

Sport and health

Sport occupies an important place in the life of everyoneperson The desire to give or not to give the body exercise is not to blame. For health, the body needs movement and tension. Physical activity is the first and most important health condition. The movement accompanies a person from birth. A newborn baby is actively waving its legs and arms to stretch aching muscles. As soon as a child learns to walk, it is very difficult to keep him in place. The body itself makes the baby run and jump. It brings great pleasure to all muscles.

Современные условия жизни не всегда позволяют man to devote enough time to their physical health. This is very bad, because health is the main thing. No matter how tight the schedule is, you need to find time for at least an active warm-up. Regular, even small loads can significantly improve overall health, improve immunity and mood. In order to effectively engage, you need to know what types of motor activity are right for you - that’s what today's article is about.

Physical activity

Speaking in simple and understandable language, motoractivity is a complex of motor acts of the body that are performed automatically or for a specific purpose. Physical actions performed with a specific purpose, called training. It is worth noting that in animals, motor activity is the main function of the muscular system. For humans, this is an important biological need. The vital activity and healthy functioning of all body systems is possible only with a certain level of activity. The lack of physical activity can be safely compared with oxygen starvation or lack of vitamins, so you should understand what role is played by the sport. Motor activity is based on an elementary physical action - a conscious and directed act. The action consists of poses and movements.

Двигательная активность человека может быть трех species. It can be regulated, partially regulated and not regulated. The latter kind of physical activity means spontaneous motor acts that have no meaning. It is inherent in young children, because their body simply “asks” for physical exertion, which may not have a specific goal. Partially regulated activity is accomplished with a certain intention, but the ultimate goal is not the load itself. This may be morning exercises, outdoor games, dancing. Regulated activity is a specially selected load that should in a certain way affect the human body.

Characteristics of motor activity

Types of motor activity, the physiology of whichcan be very different depending on the ultimate goal of a person, can be classified according to some signs. They have quantitative and qualitative characteristics. These two characteristics are considered original. Already from them all others follow. Quantitative characteristics take into account spatial and temporal parameters. This is the number of movements, their volume and number of repetitions. Qualitative characteristics are aimed at showing the functional changes that occur in the body during physical activity. These indicators include the energy costs that the body incurs when performing exercises or doing physical activity in general.

Соревнования и тренировки представляют собой main area for physical activity. Their practical value is very high, while the efficiency also reaches higher limits. At competitions, a person has an adrenaline rush, the body works at the peak of its capabilities. Regular and frequent competitions are not always useful for the body, but the rarer "extreme" moments will be very useful and serve as a kind of relaxation. You can talk about the benefits of training for a very long time. This is a truly effective method of working with your body and health, which aims to maximize the benefits of intense physical exertion.

The importance and value of training and competition is as follows:

• development of specific requirements for the training process;
• improvement of model characteristics of athletes;
• development of tests to assess individual characteristics of athletes;
• simulation of training conditions.

Types of motor activity

Нагрузка ранжируется по интенсивности.In total, there are three degrees of intensity: light, moderate and high. List the main types of motor activity that you know. Not so much, right? How to classify them? Here we will talk about it in the following paragraphs.

Any kind of motor activity is beneficialaffect the body of a person, his health and mood. But it should be understood that not everyone has access to all loads for a number of reasons. A person may have diseases that do not allow intense sports. In this case, it is very important to develop your own training program, which will sufficiently load the body, avoiding overload. Consider the types of motor activity for energy consumption.

Light load implies no energy costsmore than 2-3 MET. To such physical activity include routine household chores (washing, ironing, cooking, cleaning, computer work, etc.). Also, a light load can be attributed to a long game of badminton, golf or dancing.

Умеренная физическая активность предполагает energy costs about 4-6 MET. It is possible to carry more active homework to such loading (mopping, work with a vacuum cleaner, repair). Also include walking, jogging, skating and skiing, etc.

High load requires energy costs from 7 METand higher. It includes the following types of motor activity: rowing, jumping, classes on exercise bikes, running, skating and skiing with a load on the heart. The same energy costs can be found in the training of professional athletes, during unloading, in stone mines.

Signs of motor activity

Известно, что правильно подобранные виды motor activity has a beneficial effect on the human body. But what are the signs of all types of activity that unites them? So, select the main ones:

• types of exercise;
• type of exercise;
• form of training;
• social orientation.

According to these signs, the following types of motor activity are also distinguished:

1. Physical activity.
2. Sports activities.
3. Sports and gaming activities.
4. Sports and gaming activities.

Modern physical education uses all of the above activities, which we consider in more detail.

Physical activity is not a sport, buttargeted effects on humans. His goal is the harmonious development of his natural and spiritual forces. Physical culture is an important condition for the general culture of a person. Such activity has several directions:

1. Teaching and developing.Aimed at learning important motor skills, the development of all organs and body systems. In this case, fortifying exercises that a person can do on their own are used.
2. Sports and recreational. Sent to the improvement of the whole organism, the inculcation of independent skills of physical culture, the development of certain physical abilities.
3. Professionally-oriented. Aimed at improving existing physical skills with the help of special training programs.
4. Corrective. Aimed at eliminating deficiencies in the shape or structure of the body.

Sports activity is characterizedpersonal orientation of a person to develop in a certain sport. Its important advantage is that it guarantees the development of not only physical but also personal qualities of a person. Sports activities can be characterized as follows:

• desire to achieve maximum results in the chosen sport;
• great physical exertion;
• awareness of the social importance of sports activities.

The main types of motor activity includeyourself a small offshoot - competitive activity. It is carried out at the limit of the mental and physical capabilities of athletes in order to establish record-breaking achievements.

Sports and gaming activities aimed atteam achievement of significant results. A very important point is the ability to work in a team and act according to a well-thought-out plan. The main features of such activities:

• the presence of rapidly changing situations;
• conflict with other teams;
• the emergence of problems that require a team approach;
• awareness of oneself as a member of the whole and the indivisible;
• a large variety of feelings experienced in the game.

Физкультурно-игровая деятельность очень похожа на sports and sports and games, but there are a number of differences. They are in the nature of the exercises. Such a load is very effective at the initial stage of the formation of a person’s personality and physical traits, therefore, it is often used at preschool age. The main features of such activities are as follows:

• the presence of imitation moments;
• the ability to change the structure and purpose of the game for the development of creative abilities;
• possible initial plot of the game and the distribution of roles;
• the initial goal is the diversity of the gameplay, and not the achievement of certain results.

Modes of activity

Types of modes of motor activity are assigneddepending on different factors. These factors include: the patient’s ability to adapt, the clinical course of the disease, the functional capabilities of the body, etc. All these indicators are very important to consider in order to make a rational regimen. Types of modes of motor activity can be divided into two main categories: active and passive.

Active aimed at stimulation and trainingorganism. As a result, there are positive emotions, a healthy glow and a feeling of satisfaction. Muscle load has a huge impact on the general condition of the person, it is a long-proven and proven fact. Active mode builds will and confidence. An important role in it is played by the psychological component, which is aimed at raising the morale of the patient in a medical institution. It is necessary to carefully prescribe the active mode, as the patient may simply not be able to adhere to it. As a result, such a decision could have even worse consequences. Assign an active mode should be based on age, profession, condition of the patient, stage of the disease, clinical manifestations, level of fitness of the whole organism, etc.

Passive mode or hypodynamia canadversely affect the patient's condition. It should be understood that calm and active movements should not be opposed to each other. Each type of activity should be only an addition to another type. Also it is worth considering that the passive mode in any case will lead to some extinction of the conditioned reflex connections. The psychological component of the passive mode is also important - self-immersion, negative, thinking of the disease, etc. A weakened muscle tone can significantly slow down the entire healing process.

Patient Activity

Types of motor activity of the patient are divided into:

1. Strict bed rest.
2. Bed rest
3. Half bed mode.
4. General mode.

Strict bed rest is prescribed for severediseases at an early stage. It completely limits the patient’s freedom of action. You can not stand up, sit down and even turn on the other side. These types of motor activity of a person are aimed at conserving energy, which should serve as a reserve in the fight against the disease.

Bed rest is more diverse.It is prescribed when the healing process becomes apparent. But such a regime allows physical activity only within the bed. All measures for personal care, personal hygiene and nutrition are carried out by health workers.

Half-bed mode of the patient allows you to walk, sit down, independently visit the toilet and eat. It is most often used for diseases of moderate and mild severity.

The general mode of the patient is characterized by the fact thatphysical activity is not limited at all. An adult can independently perform all the necessary actions, and a child can walk and play on the street, accompanied by an adult.

Extreme types of physical activity

These types of activity are very necessary for adults andto children. After all, they are aimed at satisfying basic needs for risk and changing impressions. It should be borne in mind that the types of motor activity of children should be carefully thought out. This is to avoid accidents. Extreme types of activity may include skiing, cycling, etc. All these activities have a significant share of risk, even despite a high level of human readiness. These types of physical activity, which have a beneficial effect on the physical state, are simply irreplaceable psychological relaxation. Moving to a more global level, we can say that such loads can significantly reduce the percentage of negative and criminal phenomena in society.

Power consumption

Any types of physical activity are designed forburning calories and imply the consumption of a certain amount of energy. Even in complete rest, the body still spends calories. They are spent on internal processes: heartbeat, digestion, blood movement in blood vessels, etc. All body systems expend a large amount of energy to ensure their vital functions. The main metabolic process occurs after sleep on an empty stomach and at a temperature of 15-20 degrees. Energy consumption may vary depending on the internal state of the body and the presence of diseases. If the work of a certain gland or organ is disrupted, then the body needs more energy in order to establish work.

By the amount of energy spent, based on professional activity, people can be divided into 6 categories:

• Group 1 - these are people leading a sedentary lifestyle, most often these are office workers. They spend 2200-2500 calories per day.
• Group 2 - these are people who have normal muscle load, but work while sitting. This includes jewelers, registrars and teachers. They spend 2600-2900 calories per day.
• Group 3 - these are people who have muscle load, but it is very insignificant. This group includes doctors, waiters and postmen. Their energy expenditure is 3000-3100 calories.
• Group 4 - people with intense muscular work (trainers, conductors, locksmiths). Their energy expenditures are equal to 3500-3700 calories.
• Group 5 - those who engage in heavy physical labor (workshop workers, professional athletes). At the same time, about 4100 calories are spent.
• 6th group - very hard work (miners, masons). Energy costs in this case are equal to 5100 calories, but this threshold can be exceeded.

Despite the general misconception, mental work takes very little energy, so it’s worthwhile to rationally build your diet.

Kids activity

Modern types of physical activityallow you to choose the most suitable sport for the child. The burden for a growing organism is an important and indispensable factor for harmonious growth and development. In modern society, there is a tendency to deteriorate children's health. One of the main reasons for this state of affairs is the lack of physical activity. Despite the fact that modern types of physical activity are very diverse and interesting, children prefer computer games and entertainment on the Internet.

In order to improve motorchildren's mode, it is very important to study individual individual characteristics in different types of activity. Such an approach was supported by scientists A.N. Leont'ev, A.P. Usova and A.V. Zaporozhets. Only an individual differentiated approach is able to instill in a child care of his health from an early age.

It’s very important to teach children active games,mobile pastime, physical education and hardening procedures. If you pay due attention to this from an early age, then the child will take such events as a matter of course.