What is inherent only in the person that creates itPersonality and distinguishes from other people? This is his inner world, which is formed only according to its individual laws and has a specific content, based on a special external reality that is refracted and reinterpreted by man. What, then, is the inner world? It is constituted by the stable meanings of phenomena and objects of external reality formed under the influence of a person’s personal experience, their attitude to them, as well as the needs and personal values that are formed taking into account these meanings. In psychology, the inner world is called the value-semantic sphere of the personality. It governs the behavior of a person, which, unlike the behavior of an animal, is not limited only to the satisfaction of biological urgent needs, but also has social and psychological needs.
Для объяснения побудительных причин в поведении man in psychology use the concept of motive and motivation. Motivation is a psychological reason explaining a person’s behavior. This is a search for answers to the questions “for what?”, “Why?”, “What purpose?”, Etc. Motive is an internal property of a person, which induces him to take any action. Needs are closely associated with the concept of motive, i.e. urgent needs arising in certain conditions, necessary for normal development and life.
Having needs distinguishes living beings frominanimate. Forcing them to seek ways of satisfaction, they excite the body, stimulate behavior. Of course, like a higher being, a person has the widest range of needs necessary for his full existence. In addition to the physical, there are also material, social and spiritual, and, moreover, individuals differ from each other in their inherent needs and their special combination. Motives or needs make up a complex structure built along the hierarchy steps - this is the motivational sphere of the personality. For the first time, the American psychologist A. Maslow created a motivational model in the fifties of the last century.
This eminent psychologist has compiled a seven-stepa pyramid, each of the steps of which is a specific kind of needs. The first is physiological needs, the second is the need for security, the third is the social need for love and belonging to a community of people, the fourth is the desire to achieve success and respect, the fifth is cognitive, the sixth is cultural-aesthetic, finally the seventh is the desire for self-development, self-improvement. All these steps, from which the motivational sphere of the personality develops, Maslow built into the pyramid in strict sequence not by chance, thus he showed that at its base are the lower physiological needs, only by satisfying which a person is able to move and develop further, and his behavior manage already the highest needs. There is a need-motivational sphere of personality from several components: content, desire power, its periodicity and ways of satisfaction.
В рамках рассматриваемой темы следует выделить another significant concept is the goal. The goal is the result, the achievement of which is aimed at meeting the actual need. The motivational sphere of the personality is formed from the motives, needs and goals. For each person, it develops very individually, and it can be assessed according to the following three parameters: breadth, plasticity and hierarchy.
The more diverse the motives, needs and goals of thehuman, the wider and more developed his motivational sphere. Such a motivational sphere of a person is denoted more plastic, when he uses more diverse means to achieve a result and meet a need (as compared to others). We give the simplest example. In an effort to gain knowledge, one person uses only the Internet, and another, who has a more plastic incentive sphere, also uses books, communication with people, and the media. It should be noted that breadth and plasticity are different concepts. Latitude is a variety of objects with which a person satisfies an actual need, and plasticity is the interaction between different levels that make up the motivational sphere of a person: motives and goals, needs and motives, needs and goals.
Иерархизированность – это строение каждого individual level of the motivational sphere. In each of them, motives, needs and goals have different strength and frequency of occurrence. The more such differences, the more motivational sphere of the person hierarchical.
