Monological speech, or monologue is a formspeech, when one person speaks, the others just listen. Its signs are the length of the statement, which often has a different volume, and the structure of the text, and the theme of the monologue can change in the process of utterance.
Linked monologic speech is divided into twobasic type. The first is an appeal to the listener. It can be a message that needs to be announced to a large number of people, an appeal to the listener or a multitude of listeners. Examples of such a monologue can be lectures or lectures, public speech, judicial speech.
Monological speech of the second type is a conversation with oneself. Such a monologue is sent to an indeterminate listener and, therefore, does not presuppose a response.
From the point of view of linguistics, there are several types of monologues. They depend on the communicative function of speech and all are studied in the school course: a description, a message, a narrative.
The narrative is characterized by the presence of the plot, more oftenall ties and denouement. In this case monologic speech is used most often. For the message, a clear chronological sequence of actions is more characteristic. And also this type of speech is used to describe - it is necessary to have the facts that most clearly characterize the described object.
Monologic speech requires a speaker skillcorrectly express and terminate one's own thoughts, combine various phrases, supplement and modify already acquired speech structures and adapt them in accordance with their goals, discuss facts and disclose known causes of events.
The training of monologic speech is the formation ofa man of certain skills and ability to express his thoughts with the help of speech structures. That is, people learn correctly from the point of view of speech constructions and it is interesting to use already acquired materials of the language and to express their thoughts sensibly.
For a satisfactory level of mastering a competent monologic speech, students should develop the following skills and abilities:
- Building narrative and descriptive messages on a familiar topic, you can rely on pictures, files, presentation.
- Using the assimilated generic proposals, compose consecutive messages, connecting them together.
- Compose descriptive texts expressing their opinion, following the plan drawn up or without it. The text can describe the event, characterize the persons present, express their own impressions.
Monologic speech is improved through exercises that differ in the supports.
- Exercise with reliance on a plan or situation.
- Exercise with support on the finished material, for example, answers to questions or a description of a work or film.
- Exercises with support for the finished text.
- Exercises based on a visual situation, for example, a description of the subject before the student.
- Exercises with support on the finished structure, or logical scheme. For example, "I love" or "I do well".
