The temperament of a person is an individualFeatures that determine the characteristics of mental processes, emotional reactions and form of behavior. It depends on it such qualities as mobility, speed of reaction or activity. Studies of human temperament began several centuries ago, as indicated by the works of ancient Greek philosophers.
To begin with it is worth noting that temperament andcharacter of a person - these are completely different things. Character - these are the qualities that are formed, starting from the moment of birth. They completely depend on the influence of the environment - the behavior of parents and close people, the way of life, some important events, work, etc.
The temperament of a person is an innate quality,which is inherent in nature. It demonstrates the dynamic personality and influences the formation of character. But it is worthwhile to understand that views, interests, beliefs and other indicators of personality can not be attributed to the characteristics of temperament.
Human temperament and its main characteristics
The modern doctrine of temperament was laidthe works of the famous researcher I. Pavlov, who believed that the dynamics of mental processes depends on two main processes in the nervous system - inhibition and excitation. These processes depend on the following three factors:
- strength - the ability of neurons to transmit concentrated or prolonged nervous excitement;
- balance, which characterizes the harmonious ratio of the processes of excitation and inhibition;
- mobility - is responsible for the rapid occurrence of a response to an external stimulus, the rate of development and decay of nervous processes.
Temperament and its types
So, modern psychologists distinguish four basic types of human temperament:
- choleric;
- sanguine;
- melancholic;
- phlegmatic person;
Each of these types has its own characteristics, on which the behavior and dynamism of a person depends.
Sanguine
Features of such a nervous system isstrong, balanced and mobile processes of excitation - inhibition. All the emotions and feelings in such a person arise quickly and manifest themselves strongly, but they also fade. A person with this type of temperament is an optimist with a good mood. He easily adapts to the new environment and quickly becomes the "soul of the company." I am always ready to make new friends and come to their aid.
On the other hand, his feelings are very unstable.Flaming interest in a person or work quickly fades away. A person can quickly change his anger to mercy and vice versa. But mental or physical labor, especially if it is associated with stress, quickly tires the sanguine person and he loses interest in it.
Choleric
People with a similar temperament can be calledoverly emotional, quick-tempered, unbalanced. If we talk about qualitative characteristics, then the excitation processes prevail over the inhibition of the reaction. That is why choleric people are so unrestrained, irritable and impulsive.
The speech of such people is quick and hasty,accompanied by sharp gestures and very expressive facial expressions. As for adaptation in society, such a person sometimes seems very harsh, intolerant and unrestrained, and his judgments are subjective.
In the work of choleric people, vigorous and purposeful,gladly give themselves to the cause. But the nervous system, which is constantly in tension, can be exhausted. In this case, a person weakens, feels broken and unhappy.
Phlegmatic person
A person with this temperament is always calm andbalanced, almost never out of himself. But on a par with that, he is a bit slow, and sometimes inert towards others. In such people, emotions do not appear in any way - they are self-controlled and cold-blooded.
Melancholic
All the mental processes of such a personproceed slowly, the reaction to events is formed long. And although emotions and feelings in these people are not formed immediately, they are very deep and strong. Melancholics are very vulnerable, any resentment is hard, and sometimes even leads a person to a deep depression.
Man's temperament plays a huge role in hislife. But it is worthwhile to understand that the above-described forms of temperament in pure form are extremely rare. Most often the human temperament is a mixture of two or even three varieties.
