Informatics is a relatively young science.It arose in the middle of the last century. What were the prerequisites for occurrence? Most likely, these are sharply increased volumes of information that have hit humanity. Next, we will consider what is informatics, the definition of this science, its goals.
Appearance and development
Итак, дайте определение информатики.It's difficult to do this at once. This science appeared with the advent of a computer that acts as a technical means capable of enhancing human capabilities and processing huge amounts of information. Since this is still a very young science, scientists are still arguing about the definition, directions of development, as well as its role in society. All this speaks only of the fact that this science is developing very rapidly.
Our generation saw the emergence of modernscientific technology, which is based on information. What is information? In computer science, the definition of this word has more than one meaning. It represents a new resource of humanity, joining other known resources: energy, natural, human. Interesting is the fact that every day it only increases.
Information
What is information?In computer science, the definition of this term can be described as follows: it is a set of signals that are perceived by the brain of a person or nervous system of animals using sensors and software systems that reflect some properties of objects, as well as phenomena associated with physical activity. The nature of such signals should imply the ability to store, transmit, and transform or process them. The science that studies all these processes is what informatics is. The definition of this science consists of such concepts as "information" and "automation".
The word entered into circulation in the second half of the pastcentury in France, in order to denote the processing of information by automatic methods. The definition of informatics in Russia at first meant documentary, storage of research, library work. And now this science already means a completely different sphere and has penetrated into all sectors of human life. It covers the areas that are associated with the maintenance of information systems, which includes equipment, software.
Concepts of Informatics
It is noteworthy that the definition of computer science bearsexplanatory character and does not pretend to any limitations. After all, it is based on such general categories as "data", "objects", "signals", etc. But these concepts and definitions of informatics are easily explained.
Signals are a dynamic form of information,which is transmitted (transported) at a distance with the help of material carriers, called communication channels. The science of communication is what informatics is.
In computer science, the definition of data is:they are a static form of information that is transmitted in time with the help of material carriers. They are called storage devices.
If we represent the process of information transfer in an abstract way, then it can be divided into three main elements:
- The source of information.
- Information transfer channel.
- Information receiver.
The interaction of these three components generates information, that is, a message. The concepts of "knowledge" and "data" can be put on a par with information.
Knowledge is the definition of science of computer science.They are high-level information, called semantic. On its basis, with the help of logical reasoning, certain semantic conclusions are obtained, also called semantic.
Objectives
The basic definitions of computer science are"Program", "model" and "algorithm". A model is a conditional analog of an object that has certain properties. The purpose of the model is to study this object. The algorithm is a way of finding an exit from any problem situation. It clearly defines the sequence of all necessary actions. The program is just the algorithm itself, which is presented in one of the programming languages. The main goal of informatics as a science is the search for knowledge in all spheres of human activity with the help of computers.
Before this science are set a variety of tasks. The most important are the following:
- Development of technology that processes information.
- Research of various information processes.
- The introduction of computers in all areas of human life.
- Creation of new, improved technologies that process large streams of information.
Informatics is a science that can notexist separately from others, as its goal is the creation of new information technologies that will be used to solve problems in a wide range of areas.
Directions
The main directions of development are applied, theoretical and technical informatics.
Applied computer science is engaged in the creation of a databaseknowledge, develops methods for automating production. At the present time, this is the main catalyst for scientific and technological progress. Applied informatics saturates all spheres of activity with information.
The call for theoretical informatics is developmentgeneral theories of searching, processing, and storing information, identifying dependencies in the creation and transformation of information, studying the connection of a person with a computer, the development of technology.
Technical Informatics is an industrywhich includes automated systems for information processing, the creation of new models of computer technology, artificial intelligence, robots, etc.
Structure, form and measurement of information
The most important characteristics thatpossesses information, are structure and form. The structure of information is what determines the relationship between the elements included in its composition. The main property of information is systematic.
A system is a set that has properties that are not inherent in any of the elements that are separately included in it.
Forms of information are different:
- Binary (information that is represented by machine code).
- Sonic.
- Graphic (photos, drawings, drawings).
- Text and symbolic (letters, numbers, signs).
- Video.
In the case when information is simultaneously presented in several forms, this is called a multimedia presentation.
The standard measure for the information is selectedabstract object that can be in two different states. Such an object is called binary or binary. It contains information of 1 bit. It is from this unit of information that larger bytes, kilobytes, megabytes, and so on occur. They operate informatics. Determining the amount of information today is one of the main tasks.
Computer Science and Technology
Arguments about the changing role that information has begun to play in people's lives can be found in scientific and fiction literature. How are these changes expressed?
- Over the past few decadesone can observe a constant acceleration in the rate of increase in information. Information was even called the only resource of the society, which never decreases. As a result, a certain barrier appeared in the processes of its processing. Sometimes it simply makes no sense to collect and store information, as there is no possibility to process it and use it rationally.
- The share of communication problems has increased. This means that the information is distorted or lost in the transmission process.
- Great difficulties arise because of geographical, linguistic, terminological, administrative and other barriers.
- Often, it becomes impossible to use information in practice because it is randomly dispersed across different sources.
Other definitions of science
Ongoing work to solve all these problems.led to the emergence of an independent scientific discipline - computer science. The subject became informational properties, the behavior of information in various systems, methods for its collection, processing, storage and transmission. A very versatile science is what computer science is. In computer science, the definition of all of the above is called information technology. Such a formulation is not the only one. There is also the following definition of computer science: it is a science that studies the description, presentation, formalization and application of the knowledge that has been accumulated with the help of computer technology. Her goal is to gain new knowledge.
The use of the term "computer science", which designates a field of scientific knowledge, is not generally recognized. In the United States, for example, this area is more often called computer science.
Informatics and Society
A feature of information technology isother sphere of their application. This is due primarily to the universality of their character. The reverse side of this universality is the difficulties that arise when formalizing descriptions.
Результат развития информационных технологий – these are processes leading to the global informatization of society. This means that more and more people are involved in activities related to the information industry. Over the past couple of decades, there have been very powerful shifts in the structures of the hardware and software market for computer equipment. It turns from a market for services and products into a technology market.
All of the above suggests that the definition of computer science is very multifaceted. This is a science that will eventually become something more.
