Informatics is one of the youngest sciences. She studies the properties and patterns of information, the methods of using it in the life of a person.
The history of the development of informatics withthe appearance of the first electronic computers in the late 40's - early 50's of the twentieth century. These were the first computers working on electron tubes. Closer to the 60th years, discrete semiconductor computers were invented. And in the mid-sixties there were machines equipped with integrated microcircuits.
The history of the development of information systems is intimateis due to the fact that it was always difficult for a person to make complex mathematical calculations in the mind or on paper. The inquisitive mind of people sought to automate computational processes by using the simplest accounts, the logarithmic ruler. And, finally, in 1642 Pascal created an eight-digit summing mechanism. In two centuries, Charles de Colmar perfected it to an arithmometer, which produced more complex mathematical operations in the form of multiplication and division. The accountant was delighted with this invention.
But the history of the development of informationtechnology begins with the presentation of ideas that are the basis for modern computers in 1833 by an Englishman Charles Babbage. He first used punch cards, the holes of which served to transmit information. These were the first steps of programming.
The history of the development of information systems wasContinued in 1888 by an engineer from America, Herman Hollerith, who owns the authorship of the first counting machine of the electromechanical type. It was tested during the census in 1890 and impressed with its results and the speed of the calculation. If previously 500 employees were required to perform this amount of work, who piled over the figures for seven consecutive years, Hollerith, who distributed to each of the 43 assistants to the computer, coped with this volume of work for one month.
History of Information Technology DevelopmentI am grateful to Hollerith for the fact that he founded a company that later became known as IBM and today is a giant of world computerization. Her colleagues, together with scientists from Harvard University in 1940, built the first electronic computer, which was called "Mark-1." This huge hulk was 35 tons, and the US military department acted as the customer of the computer. The machine computed in the binary system. For 300 multiplication actions and 5000 addition operations, she spent only one second. But the lamps quickly went out of order and this problem was solved by Bardeen, Brattein and Shockley - the inventors of semiconductor transistors.
Thus, the history of the development of informaticscame to the time of a radical reduction in the size of computers and their next generation was significantly smaller. And the speed of computing abilities increased 10 times.
Further all history of development of computer science in the worldwill be associated with the miniaturization of computers. And the American company DIGITAL EQUIPMENT, then the firm INTEL, is doing well in this respect. And in the mid-seventies of the twentieth century, the personal computers of APPLE, now famous, appear.
History of the development of informatics in our countrybegins with a small electronic computer (MCEM), performing 50 operations per second. Its designer was Sergei Alexandrovich Lebedev. Her way was pretty thorny in our country. And today we no longer imagine a full life without the use of computers. And if you look back, the time has passed very little. So technical thought is ahead of even time. PCs, laptops and netbooks - a special sign of the modern era.
