By the end of the 1540s with the young ruler IvanIV formed a circle of leaders, whom he trusted to conduct business in the state. Later, the new government, Andrei Kurbsky, called it “Chosen Rada”. The most famous of its members were Alexey Fedorovich Adashev, Sylvester confessor, Ivan Mikhailovich Viskovaty - the head of the Ambassadorial Department, and several other noble princes.
Reforms of the Chosen are Happy
The first steps towards reform were meetingsnobles and governor. In 1549 the February meeting was held, which became the first Zemsky Sobor. The main political strategy of the Elected Council was the centralization of the Russian state according to the civilization model of the West. A change of strategy required a set of reforms. The reforms of the Chosen Council had an anti-Boyar orientation. She relied on landowners, nobles, townspeople, and, therefore, expressed exclusively their interests.
Избранная рада, реформы которой пришлись на 1549-1560, implemented transformations in all spheres of society. The changes affected the administrative, church, legal, financial and tax and other systems.
Reforms of the Chosen Happy in Legal and Administrative Systems
By decision of the "Reconciliation Cathedral" in 1549preparing a new set of laws. The revised Code of Law was established in 1550. Relations between the feudal lords and the peasants have not changed, the old norms and laws have been preserved. At the same time, the power of the feeders in the field was somewhat limited, the process of forming orders was accelerated. Orders are the first functional governing bodies in charge of individual areas of state affairs (otherwise they were called chambers, yards, etc.). The most famous were Chelobitny, Streletsky, Ambassadorial and other orders.
At the same time, centralizationlocal self-government. The deputy administrations were replaced by the elected administration. These and other innovations strengthened the position of the nobility in society, united the provincial nobility into service towns.
Army reform
In the middle of the 50s of the XVI century, the “Code ofabout the service ". A strict order of service was established. All landowners, regardless of the size of their possessions, became people of service. The government of Alexey Adashev organized the Strelets army and formed a detachment of archers to protect the king. According to the results of military reforms, tens of thousands of soldiers have armament, equipment and food.
Church reforms Elected happy
In 1551, was adopted Stoglav, which waspublished one hundred chapters-articles on the answers of Ivan the Terrible about the structure of the church. Stoglav strengthened the general discipline in the church, regulated life. The king intended to confiscate land from the church, but the Elected Council did not approve these intentions. The Church in every way sought to strengthen its authority, which was steadily falling in the eyes of the people.
Reforms Elected happy in the financial system
No administrative reforms could becarried out without restructuring the tax system. In 1550, a census of the entire population was carried out. Household taxation was replaced by land. On the central territory, a tax unit was introduced under the name "big plow", its value varied depending on the position of the landowners. Payment of taxes by the population became more and more centralized. “Feed income” was replaced by the nationwide “feed supply”.
In general, the reforms of the Elected are happy under Ivan the Terriblewere ambiguous. They were a compromise. Reforms contributed to the consolidation of power and the advancement of the status of the nobility. Their implementation was interrupted due to the resignation of the Elected Council in 1560.
