Peasant uprising in 1547 clearlydemonstrated the need to consolidate the ruling class to stabilize the situation in the country. With the arrival of new people in the government of Ivan the Terrible, a circle appeared, which is called the Elected Rada. His representatives: A.F. Adash, priest Sylvester and Metropolitan Macarius - enjoyed the greatest influence on Ivan the Terrible, which allowed them to become the initiators of changes in the system of government.
Historical Context
The intensification of the social struggle between higher andlower classes are always expressed in the growth and increase in the number of uprisings and strikes. They can be suppressed only if they completely or at least partially eliminate what worries the masses. So, in the XVI century, a lip reform was carried out, which transferred some of the functions of governors and volostels to the representatives of the new position - elders. It was decided to elect them from boyar children, and in order to help appoint wealthy peasants, which deprived the masses of the main “sponsors” in the fight against social injustice. Lip reform allowed the ruling classes to use the newly created organs to suppress peasant and servile speeches.
Innovations
Ivan the Terrible came to the throne at the age of threeyears, so the first years of his reign were associated with the struggle of various boyar groups for influence on the young grand prince. In 1538, lip reform began to be implemented. She was directed against the governors who interfered with Glinsky. On the territory of the counties created the district, headed by elders. Together with the Sotsky and Ten's elected from the best peasants, they fought against theft and robbery, revealing "dashing people". The lip reform provided the authorities for the elders to carry out the investigation and execute the identified criminals, but in practice - just to punish the disagreeable. After the uprising in Moscow against the Glinskys, a new government began to take shape at the court. In 1549, the king stands before the capital nobles and bishops, denouncing the abuse of nobles and governors, with which the lip reform of Ivan the Terrible fought. This meeting was the first meeting of the Zemsky Sobor and was the beginning of a new institutional change.
Progress of transformations
Уже в 1540 годах губная реформа была реализована in most regions of Russia, and the first letters are in 1539. At the same time, the Rogue Order was established in Moscow, which supervised the activities of the new bodies. In the second half of the sixteenth century, Russia became a estate-representative monarchy, which gives further impetus to the development of the labial organs and makes them a kind of early analogues of modern local self-government. Thus, Ivan the Terrible's lip reform created a precedent for further increasing the powers of the county leaders, which helped reorganize the peasantry. In a hundred years, it is the elected elders who will become the closest comrades of the governor.
Lip and Zemstvo reform - naturalcontinuation of changes in society. The elders elected from local nobles (often old service people) knew the customs and interests of their district much better, so they could more effectively manage the lands entrusted to them.
