Surely many people do not know what iscollaboration, and hear this word for the first time. In the legal interpretation, this is voluntary, deliberate, deliberate cooperation with the enemies in their interests and to the detriment of their country, in other words - treason. Such a term was first heard during the Second World War, in 1940, when Marshal Petain, head of the Vichy regime, called on the French nation to cooperate with the German authorities during the occupation of France.
Later on what collaboration is, we learnedand in other countries. The term began to be applied to all European governments operating under German occupation (the regime of the Lokot Republic, the Quisling government in Norway, the activities of Melnikovites in the occupied territory of the USSR, etc.), as well as Hitler’s military organizations controlled by the citizens of the occupied countries (national SS divisions, Vlasov's army, etc.).
Collaboration in the Second World War
In historical science, fiction,journalistic works widely reported heroism of millions of people during the war - sometimes genuine, sometimes mythological, sometimes imaginary. But there were other people - those who collaborated with the Nazis, trying to survive by any means under the occupation regime. Now it is often possible to find statements by historians that the Soviet Union was a country of traitors, allegedly hundreds of thousands of our fellow citizens rose up under the banner of the Third Reich, trying in this way to fight the hated Stalinist regime. Is it really? Was Russian collaborationism really so massive? Let's try to figure it out.
Cooperation with the Nazis
Deny that collaborationism in the greatPatriotic war took place, it would be meaningless. It is known for certain that several tens of thousands of Russian citizens who joined the ROA (Russian Liberation Army) detachments, in February 1945, tried to stop the victorious attack on Berlin by our army on the Oder. And how many traitors were there? By February of the 45th ROA had two formed divisions, comprising about forty thousand people, and one unformed, numbering ten to twelve thousand fighters. Also nominally, the Cossack corps of Helmut von Pannwitz, consisting of forty-five thousand people, and the Russian corps formed of emigrants, who fought in Serbia and included about six thousand fighters, joined the POA. Thus, only in the detachments ROA was within one hundred twenty thousand people. In various services of a collaborative nature in the entire USSR, up to eight hundred thousand fighters were involved (according to German data). That's all!
Types of collaborationism
It should be said that treasonit can be different: administrative, intellectual, military, economic, spiritual, ideological, national, sexual, childish. So, some people collaborated with enemies with weapons in their hands - this is military collaborationism. In the USSR, France and other countries during the Second World War there was another category of people who provided their intelligence to the enemy: the spiritual authority of the priest, the ability of an actor, and the talent of a worker. As for the children's collaborationism, he seems to have been thoughtless. German officers picked up thousands of Russian hungry children, fed them, and then gave pieces of TNT and offered to throw them at railway stations to heaps of coal. Almost all the children did not perform the task, and those who did, most certainly did so without thought.
Love and Germans
А как проявлялся половой коллаборационизм во World War II? Europe needed people with good blood. Do you remember the soloist of the Swedish ABBA group Anni-Frid Lingstad? It is just a product of sexual collaboration. Her father is a German soldier, and her mother is Norwegian. Russian girls from a racial point of view did not meet the requirements of the Third Reich. There were even orders prohibiting the German invaders from cohabiting with our women in order to avoid spoiling Aryan blood. However, in practice, things were different. There were certain contradictions between the people who were looking at the front from the deep rear, and those who were in his hell itself. For example, in Oryol, General Haman, the German commandant, announced that if a woman proves that she had given birth to a child from a German soldier, she would receive alimony from the German command.
Punishment
The fact that such a collaboration, they knew in allEuropean countries, however, dealt with the traitors everywhere in different ways. For example, in Norway a person who simply responded to the greeting of a German in the same way, had to repent publicly. What to say about active accomplices. They were sentenced to death, imprisoned. It was the same in the Soviet Union. Even in the post-war period, people who were previously in the occupied territories should have reflected this fact in the questionnaires. It was a black mark, the so-called Cain seal, signaling that such a person should be treated with caution.
Finally
And what is collaboration in understandingmodern people? For example, now in the Baltic countries, collaborators are called liberators. They are proclaimed heroes and freedom fighters. Fortunately, the people defending this view are a minority. We should not glorify criminals who fought on the side of the fascists in arms. After decades from the date of winning the Victory, we should not be allowed to steal it!
