The role of the infinitive in Russian is extremelyimportant, despite the fact that this form of the verb does not have such grammatical features as face, tense, gender, mood, number. But the infinitive compensates for gaps in grammatical information by focusing on the properties of the object or events that manifest themselves in dynamics, in motion. The infinitive of the verb embodies the very essence of the process in its pure form, without impurities.
What is an infinitive?
Infinitive in Russian is uncertaina form of the verb, which denotes a state, action or event without indicating a particular subject of the action and its relation to reality. This form is the initial, most generalized and answers the following questions:
- What to do? Sleep, shine, run, work, pour.
- What to do? Paint, dry, eat, sing, give.
How does the indefinite form
The infinitive in the Russian language is formed from the stem of the verbs with the help of some suffixes. These include:
- "-ti" and "-sty" (carry, enter, find, carry, revenge, shake);
- "-t" and "-t" (sit, kick, take, steal, fall, divide);
- "-h" (watch, cut, bake).
Morphological signs
The infinitive in Russian has certain morphological features:
- View. He can be perfect (eat, cook, rewrite) and imperfect (wash, look, grow).
- Recurrence There are reflexive verbs (fold) and irrevocable (wash, wrap, read).
- Transitivity. There are transitional verbs (iron your shirt, hate meanness, read a novel) and intransitive (dress up).
- Conjugation. Examples of verbs of the first conjugation - mix, attract, do, and the second conjugation - draw, scream, love.
- Pledge. Active voice (we want to make pizza) and passive voice (pizza should be prepared).
Syntactic role
The syntactic role of the infinitive in the Russian language is important and diverse. In the sentence it can be:
- Subject to
Running in the morning is the way to a healthy spirit and longevity. Sitting on the Internet is her pernicious and overwhelming habit. Create a happy family - the goal of his life.
- Independent predicate or part of the compound.
Do not you see happiness. Raise the sails! Do not argue with the captain, salagi! The puppy's tail began to turn a screw. She wanted to fool me. I try to be tactful.
- Inconsistent definition.
He was driven by a desire to unravel the mystery. She was stopped by the fear of being wrong. They condemned his manner of pathetic talk.
- Supplement.
He begged them to celebrate and be quiet. His father taught him to sail. Luda deigned to forgive her spouse.
- Circumstance.
He came to help us with the repair. We went across the river to feed the horses and goats. We go to the forest to pick mushrooms.
Stylistics and lexical shades of infinitives
The infinitive finds the greatest application in businessand official styles in which the clarity of verb forms is welcomed, and the name of the process itself, its essence, is more important than the details. However, this does not mean that the infinitive is not used in fiction and figuratively speaking, quite the opposite. He becomes one of the effective and effective tools in the hands of the word masters.
The infinitive has no categories of time, number,Persons who at first glance may seem to be a clear disadvantage in the context of a work of art, but this, oddly enough, turns into dignity. Due to some grammatical fading, infinitive forms draw attention to lexical, semantic nuances and meanings in the text. The sentences begin to play with new colors and be filled with semantic specifics. It is literature and live speech that most fully reveal the expressive potential of the infinitive in the Russian language. There are many examples of this, here are just a few.
Thus, an infinitive in a sentence may hint at the unconditionality of an action that is sure to take place in the future:
- Be us with you spouses, you'll see.
- To a happy, fair society - to be!
In conjunction with the denial of the infinitive form focuses attention on the impossibility of some event or action:
- Do not drink more wine to me and do not eat fatty meat, the doctors have strictly forbidden.
- We will not go to museums and cinemas with you anymore, leaving tomorrow forever.
The same confidence of the impossibility of an event is conveyed by the infinitive with a pronoun in the dative case:
- Where do you argue with the professor, he is much smarter and incomparably more versed in this matter.
- Where he lose weight with such an insatiable gluttony at night.
A particle "would" gives the infinitive a touch of the desirability of an action or event:
- Throw all the duties and routine affairs and go to sea, but this is impossible.
- To find finally the right answers to all the eternal questions.
If negation is added to the particle, then the infinitive form acquires a cautionary value:
- Do not get sick of her from these endless diets and exhausting workouts.
- I would not regret that they later contacted the bank, promising fabulous interest.
