Have you ever wondered whydo native speakers understand each other? Why do we determine exactly what foreigners say with an accent? Finally, why are spelling “twos” for spelling or any other teacher mistakes at school?
Not? Then imagine such a situation.Instead of writing (or pronouncing) the phrase “The horse was beating the hoof”, I would write (or say) “Fill up with the hurt”. Absurd, right? And why do you know for sure that this is absurd?
Yes, because I broke everythinggrammatical norms of the Russian language. The normativity of a language is what enables native speakers of one language to understand each other, to competently convey their thoughts.
Strictly speaking, standardization is a set of ruleswhich strictly regulate pronunciation, grammar, spelling. Norms - a sample of a uniform, socially recognized use of all elements of the language. This concept has not been invented by scientists: uniformity has been formed over the centuries, it reflects the development of the people, the development of society. The sources of the norm are the works of the classics of literature, the works of modern writers and publicists, the generally accepted use of elements of the language, and the research of linguists.
How do we determine whether a givenis the use of a constituent language standard? According to the characteristic features. Firstly, all language norms are stable, common, prevalence, binding, matching the capabilities of the language. Secondly, all norms are fixed in dictionaries, defined by rules.
Syntax, orthoepic, spelling,The grammatical norms of the Russian language help it to preserve its originality, integrity, protect it from a stream of warped, dialect, colloquial or slang expressions, perform a general cultural function.
In Russian, these types of norms are distinguished:
- The general standard for written and oral speech (lexical, syntactic, grammatical norms).
- The norms of writing (spelling, punctuation).
- Norms of oral speech (pronunciation, intonation, stress).
Grammatical norms are the rules that apply to syntax, word formation, morphology. They are described in detail in the Russian Grammar.
Derivative standards define exactly howwords should be formed in the language, how should their parts be connected. For example, derivational grammatical norms indicate the inadmissibility of the use of derivative words with a new affix instead of the existing ones. For example, you can say "sill", "depth", "description", but you can not: "subcononic", "depth", "description").
Grammatical norms require properthe use of forms of words, the exact use of declensions, cases, short forms, degrees of comparisons. A common mistake is considered to be expressions like “more beautiful”, “my shoe”, “excellent shampoo”, “silk lining”, etc.
Синтаксические нормы учат, как правильно строить sentences and phrases, how to relate parts of a sentence to each other, how to properly align words. For example, today a huge number of journalists, commentators, and after them, and ordinary people have forgotten how to properly use advertizing turns and verbalization. They should refer to the verb in the sentence, complementing it (I was walking (how?), Singing a funny little song). In fact, very often they are added to another word. Classic old example: "Driving up to the platform, my hat flew off". I just want to ask: “Was this hat coming to the platform?” But a newer quote: “After marrying Nikolay, none of the heirs was born alive.".
Orthoepic, spelling, grammatical norms of the language - the indisputable law, the violation of which leads to the loss of the cultural meaning of the language.
