Lexical analysis of the word - what is it? Examples

How is the lexical analysis of the word? The answer to the question you will learn from this article. In addition, several examples of this analysis will be presented to your attention.

general information

The lexical analysis of the word is carried out using various linguistic dictionaries, namely, explanatory, phraseological, dictionary of antonyms, synonyms and homonyms.

It should be particularly noted that such an analysis is directed to the lexical unit of the Russian language, with such features as:

• uniqueness or, conversely, the ambiguity of the word;
• the type of its lexical meaning in a particular case;
• synonyms;
• the origin of the word;
• antonyms;
• affiliation of the word to the vocabulary, limited in use, or common vocabulary;
• phraseological connections of a particular expression.

Lexical analysis of the word is an optional kind of analysis for the usual school practice. As a rule, such an analysis is not given as a control task.

Common scheme

In order to properly implement the lexical analysis of the word, you must adhere to the following scheme:

1. Definition of the lexical meaning of a word in a given context.
2. If the chosen expression is multivalued, then it is necessary to specify its other values ​​(if absolutely necessary, you can use the explanatory dictionary of the Russian language).
3. The establishment of the type of lexical meaning in a single context (direct or portable).
4. In the event that the value is figurative, then its appearance should be characterized.
5. The construction of a synonymous series for the word in the existing meaning.
6. Selection of an antonym pair to the selected word.
7. The definition of a word, that is, whether it is native Russian or was once borrowed from a completely different language.
8. Establishing the affiliation of the selected word to vocabulary, limited in use, or common vocabulary.
9. Determining whether this expression is obsolete.
10. The occurrence of this word in the phraseology.

Examples of lexical analysis of the word

In order to understand how is carried outlexical analysis of the word, it is not enough just to know the features of such an analysis and its scheme. After all, any theoretical knowledge must necessarily be supported by practical work. To do this, we decided to bring to your attention a few examples of different words that have been lexically analyzed.

Lexical analysis of the word "mower"

So, let us analyze the word "mower", which is included in the following sentence: "The mower walked up the rapidly tilted steppes."

1. A mower is a person who is engaged in mowing, that is, cutting grass or any cereals with the help of a traditional scythe or mower.

2. The word "mower" has several meanings, namely:

• he who does mowing;
• a heavy and large knife designed for scraping something or splintering a splinter;
• one thousand monetary units (jarg.).

3. The meaning of the word "mower" in which it is used in a sentence is direct.

4. Synonyms for the word "mower" are "mower" or "mower".

5. The origin of the word "mower" is native Russian.

6. In the first and second meaning, this word is commonly used. As for the third, in this case it is applied only in a conversational style.

7. The word "mower" is outdated. Accordingly, it is not part of the active vocabulary of modern people.

Lexical analysis of the word "gold"

Let us analyze the word "golden", which is included in the following sentence: "Golden autumn has come to us."

1. Golden Autumn is a time of year when all trees and grasses turn yellow and resemble a shade of gold (metal).

2. The word "golden" has several meanings, namely:

• made of gold;
• sewn with gold;
• calculated at the rate of gold;
• similar to the color of gold;
• lovely, very nice and wonderful;
• auspicious and happiest;
• beloved, dear (in reference to someone);
• mineralogical and botanical names.

3. The value is portable.

4. The type of the figurative meaning of the phrase “golden autumn” is a metaphor (denotes similar to the color of gold).

5. The synonyms of the expression “golden” are the following: yellow, beautiful, wonderful, fabulous, delightful, etc.

6. The word "golden" has the following antonyms: dirty, disgusting, nasty, bad.

7. Origin - originally Russian.

8. This expression is commonly used. It can be used in any style of speech.

9. The word "gold" is not outdated. Accordingly, it is part of the active vocabulary of modern people.

Lexical analysis of other words

Here are some more examples:

• Lexical analysis of the word "fantastic" in the sentence "I saw enough of fantastic films":

1. A fantasy film - invented by fantasy and in reality not existing.

2. The word "fantastic" has several meanings, namely: magical and quaint; incredible and unrealizable; not existing and being a fantasy.

3. The value is direct.

4. The synonyms of the word are the following: unbelievable, stunning, not corresponding to reality.

5. Has the following antonyms: normal, banal.

7. Origin - borrowed from English (fantastic).

8. This expression is commonly used. It can be used in any style of speech.

9. The expression is not obsolete. Accordingly, it is part of the active vocabulary of modern people.

• Lexical analysis of the word "kindness" in the sentence: "Out of the kindness of his heart, he gave all his clothes":

1. By kindness - spiritual quality, expressed in a caring and tender attitude towards someone.

2. The word "kindness" has only one meaning.

3. The value is direct.

4. Synonyms of the word are the following: good, complacent, good-natured, humane.

5. Has the following antonyms: angry, cruel.

7. Origin - native Russian.

8. This expression is commonly used. It can be used in any style of speech.

9. The expression is not obsolete. Accordingly, it is part of the active vocabulary of modern people.

10. It is used in the following phraseological units: out of kindness of mind, blind kindness, etc.