In Russian there are a number of sections, such asas phonetics, graphics and spelling, vocabulary and phraseology, morphology, syntax. Each of them learns a certain level of language, its features and functioning.
The most interesting section of linguistics
Lexicology and phraseology are rightfully considered one of the most interesting sections of linguistics. He attracts scientists, students, and even schoolchildren.
Итак, что изучает лексика и фразеология?This section of linguistics reveals the vocabulary of the language, the functioning and history of the occurrence of certain lexemes, as well as phraseological units, their meaning, types and peculiarities of use in speech. Next, we'll look at each of the subsections.
Vocabulary
Vocabulary is the vocabulary of the language.His study deals with such a science as lexicology. It examines the origin of words, their use and functioning, as well as historical changes in the vocabulary of a particular language. Let's consider a little bit more in detail about that, that studies lexicon and phraseology.
In the section "lexicology" is studied:
- The meaning of the word is direct and portable.
- The origin of words - originally Russian, borrowed.
- Groups of words on functioning in speech: historicisms, archaisms, neologisms.
- Words on the field of use: commonly used, professionalism, dialectological, jargon.
- And also antonyms, homonyms, synonyms and paronyms, their use in speech.
Phraseology
Phraseology - a section of linguistics, which studies stable and indivisible phrases that have their own special meaning.
Structurally, idioms can consist of both a single sentence (for example, the well-known expression "when the cancer hangs on the mountain"), and act as a phrase (for example, "sit down in an overshoe").
Idioms, like words, can bemulti-valued, enter into synonymous or antonymic relations. People who are interested in what is studying vocabulary and phraseology should remember that linguistic scholars pay attention to the history of the emergence of certain stable phrases, as well as consider the ways of their penetration into the Russian language.
Lexicography
Another important issue to consider is lexicography. This section of linguistics is engaged in collecting lexical material and its subsequent fixation in dictionaries.
Those who are interested in the question of what vocabulary and phraseology is studying in Russian, what is the history of words and phraseological units, what they mean, it will be useful to work with the following dictionaries:
- Explanatory dictionary of the living Great Russian language, compiled by V. Dalem.
- Dictionary of the Russian language Ozhegova.
- Etymology and history of words of the Russian language.
- Dictionary of youth slang.
- Dictionary of Russian Phraseology А.К. Biriha.
In them you can find a lot of interesting things about the composition of the Russian language, the origin of words and idioms.
Studying at school
A lot of attention is paid to this discipline andschool course of Russian language and literature. At the end of the fifth grade, less often - at the beginning of the sixth, students are told that they are studying vocabulary and phraseology, with examples, asking them to work with dictionaries, to perform simple tasks. As a rule, teachers give the task to establish the correspondence between a word and its meaning, to find synonyms or antonyms, to find out the meaning of homonyms and paronyms, to find among the proposed options the meaning of a particular phraseological unit, to establish the history of its origin.
All this greatly expands the vocabulary of children, teaches them to work with the native language vocabulary.
At a later age, in the tenth grade, childrenthey again come back to the question of studying vocabulary and phraseology, recall the material that was passed earlier and fix it with the help of various tasks. Successful assimilation of this section in the future helps pass the exam. The acquired knowledge is especially useful when writing an essay or essay.
Studying in universities
As for studying in high school, the vocabularyand the phraseology of the Russian language are considered only in philological faculties. Often, this topic is given to a whole semester, during which students thoroughly study the language system at this level, the history of the origin of words and phraseological units, methods and techniques for working with them, and classifications. Also, during the course of training, one becomes accustomed to working with dictionaries and reference books, to compose thesauri, to translate and edit texts containing various types of vocabulary.
The question of the stylistic use of words belonging to one or another lexical group is also being studied. The obtained knowledge is fixed in the course called "stylistics".
conclusions
So, what is studied in vocabulary and phraseology.First of all, the lexical composition of the language, the functioning and origin of the words and idioms in it, the use of different styles in the texts, as well as the translation features of phraseological units and special vocabulary.
