Thanks to this amazing part of speech, languagegains expressiveness and brightness, without it our speech would not be so colorful and rich. An adjective defines an object by its attribute and affiliation. To him ask the question "what? which one? which one which ones? ”and it also answers the questions“ whose? whose? whose? whose?"
The secret is depending
In a sentence, an adjective is usually associated withnouns and pronouns. This part of speech is always dependent on them. This link will tell us how to determine the case of an adjective. Cases in Russian: nominative, followed by genitive, then dative, followed by accusative, then instructive, and then prepositional. It is easy to learn the endings of adjectives by case if you ask them a question from that part of speech on which they depend. Usually, the ending that is in question is the same as the adjective.
What you need to consider
The change of adjectives for cases depends onnumbers and kind of this part of speech. And here you need to remember two things. First, adjectives can be changed by gender only when they are singular. Secondly, they can be changed by numbers. Consider both thesis examples.
End of adjectives for male, female and middle childbirth
Take the phrase "noun +the adjective in the singular "and see how the ending of the adjective changes in different genera. The gender of the adjective always has the same noun as the noun it belongs to.
- Adjective endings in the masculine: nd, nd, nd. Here is an example: a person (what?) Is businesslike, intelligent, empathetic.
- End adj. in feminine: th, -th. For example, clothes (what?) Spacious, summer.
- End adj. in the middle way: -th, -she. For example, a plant (what?) Is tall, perennial.
Endings of adjectives in different numbers
Adjectives change freely in numbers.In the singular, they designate a sign of a single object or group of objects and answer the questions “what, what, what?” For example: a clever question, a wide road, a gentle sun, a cheerful collective, a large crowd, a noisy crowd.
Plural adjectivesthey denote a multitude of objects, answering the question “what?” For example: high hopes, small disappointments. As you can see, the number of the adjective name depends on the number of the noun with which it is associated.
Spelling of unaccented endings in adjectives
To determine this point, you can act on a simple algorithm. First you need to ask a question from the noun to the adjective.
If the question is “what?”, You need to check whether the ending is under stress. If yes, then write the second, if not, then write the second (s).
If the question from the noun sounds like “Whose?”, Then in the end you should write
If from the noun to the adjective canask only questions of oblique cases, then you should write the same ending that sounds in question (taking into account the firm and soft declination). The last statement will take a closer look.
Changing adjectives by case
We now get acquainted with the peculiarities of the declension of adjectives by case. This information will help you figure out how to determine the case of an adjective in each case.
First group
These are adjectives of the singular, which are feminine. They lean like this:
- The nominative case: plum (what?) - ripe, early. End adjectives: th, -by.
- Genitive: plums (what?) - ripe, early. End adjectives: th, th.
- Dative case: plum (which?) - ripe, early. End adjectives: th, th.
- Accusative case: plum (which one?) - ripe, early. End adjectives: th, th
- The instrumental case: plum (what?) Ripe, early. End adjectives: th, th.
- Prepositional case: about plum (what?) Ripe, early. End adjectives: th, th.
Note that the endings of adjectives coincide in four cases: genitive, dative, instrumental, prepositional.
The second group
These are adjectives in the singular, which are masculine. They lean like this:
- Nominative case: ball (what?) Big, rubber, blue. Adjective endings: -th, -th, -th.
- Genitive: ball (what?) Big, rubber, blue. End adjectives: -th, -go.
- Dative case: the ball (which one?) Large, rubber, blue. End adjectives: to one, to him
- To determine the ending of an adjective,being in the accusative case, you must first find out whether it refers to an animate or inanimate noun. In our example, adjectives refer to an inanimate noun that answers the question “what?”. Then the adjective will sound like this: the ball (what?) Is big, rubber, blue. Adjective endings in the inanimate noun: -th, -th, -th. But if the noun is animated, in the accusative case to it one should ask the question “who?” Accordingly, the form of the adjective will change. For example, father (what?) Strict, loving. Adjective endings with animated noun: -th, -th.
- The instrumental case: a ball (how?) Big, rubber, blue. End adjectives:
- Prepositional case: about a ball (what?) Big, rubber, blue. End adjectives: th, th
Third group
These are singular adjectives in the middle gender. They bow so.
- Nominative case: morning (what?) Sunny, summer. Adjective endings: -th, -she.
- Genitive: morning (what?) Sunny, summer. End adjectives: -th, -go.
- Dative case: morning (what?) Solar, summer. End adjectives: to one, to him
- Accusative case: morning (what?) Sunny, summer. End adjectives: -e, -she.
- The instrumental case: in the morning (how?) Sunny, summer. End adjectives:
- Prepositional case: about morning (what?) Sunny, summer. End adjectives: th, th
We see here that in all three groups the answer tothe question of how to determine the case of an adjective comes down to one thing - it is recognized by the case of a noun, on which this adjective depends.
Fourth group
These are adjectives that are plural. About them say the following:
- Nominative case: flowers (what?) Yellow, autumn. Endings of adjectives: s, s.
- Genitive: colors (what?) Yellow, autumn. End adjectives:
- Dative case: flowers (how?) Yellow, autumn. End adjectives:
- Accusative:adjectives referring to inanimate nouns lean on the nominative principle: flowers (which?) are yellow, autumn. Endings: s, s. Adjectives that refer to animate nouns tend to follow the principle of the genitive case: relatives (what?) Cheerful, close. Endings: 's,' s.
- The instrumental case: flowers (what?) Yellow, autumn. End adjectives:
- Prepositional case: about flowers (what?) Yellow, autumn. End adjectives:
Note that in this group adjectives have similar endings in the genitive, accusative (if they refer to animate nouns), the prepositional cases.
Adjective case definition: sequence of actions
- We write down the adjective on the sheet.
- Select in it the ending.
- Determine in what way, the number is an adjective.
- Choose which of the four groups described above applies this word.
- Define the case of the adjective at the end.
- If in doubt, pay attention to the noun, on which our word depends, ask a question to it and determine the case of the adjective because it has the same ending.
If it is difficult to deal with the fact in the nominative oraccusative case the noun is used (and an adjective dependent on it), one should look at its syntactic role. If the noun in the sentence acts as a subject, then it has a nominative case. Cases of adjectives will be the same. If the noun is a minor member of the sentence, then it is used in the accusative case. Consequently, adjectives will have the same case.
We looked at how to determine the case of an adjective and made sure that it is not difficult.
