В школьную программу включены сведения о шести cases of the Russian language, each student should know their meaning and be able to incline nouns, pronouns, etc. Generations of students compete in inventing a funny and ridiculous rhyme to make it easier for them to memorize their order during declination. Yes, everyone probably remembers from his childhood: “Ivan begat ...” - and so on ...
The word "begat" in this mnemonic pattermeans genitive case. In grammatical terms, this is not a direct, but one of the five oblique cases. In many languages, it expresses a possessive relation, and also performs other functions. It is easy to recognize it, you need to put the question “who?” Or “what?” With the auxiliary word “no” in this case form, and if it does not change, then this is a genitive case. For example:
a) “no what?” - the sun, conversations, songs;
b) “no one?” - uncles, mothers, dogs.
С родительной падежной формой употребляются prepositions “at”, “before”, “from”, “from”, “from”, “near”, “around”, “without”, “for”. For example: near the hut, from home, around the gazebo. The plural genitive is no exception. For example: near houses, from answers, around sites.
Primenenny genitive in the following meanings is used without prepositions:
- In the sense of belonging indicates a person who owns some object. For example: Mikhalkov’s poems, brother’s coat, artist’s sketch.
- It clarifies the meaning of the relationship between objects. For example: plant manager, part of the aircraft, the spelling rule.
- Indicates quality and attributes. For example: a student’s diligence, mother’s tenderness, blue sky, beauty of flowers.
- With a numeral or a word defining the measure, number, comparison. For example: brighter than the sun, one meter of fabric, ten children, five schoolchildren.
- With a verbal name where the case form denotes the object on which the action is performed. For example: the execution of tasks, taking Perekop, washing dishes.
The verbal genitive means:
- A direct object if the verb controlling the verb form is negative. For example: he does not like flowers, does not tear his eyes off the picture.
- If the action of the controlling verb is not exposed to the whole object, but only part of it. For example: pour (glass) milk, eat (hump) bread.
- After a series of control verbs. For example: to achieve success, wait for a raise, ask for forgiveness.
- After those verbs that have the value of removal, deprivation, fear and the like. For example: be afraid of the dark, lose the shelter.
Often the genitive case, the endings of its word forms, are mistakenly replaced by another:
- Accusatory with the preposition "for." For example: Pushkin and Lermontov are singers for freedom, along with singers of freedom.
- Accusative with the preposition "on". For example: Good nutrition is important not only for the patient, instead - for the patient.
- Abetment with the preposition "s". For example: Emotions are not separable from feelings, instead of from feelings.
- Proposal with the preposition "on". Young people regard life in a material position, instead of a material position.
- Genitive from preposition instead of genitive without preposition. For example: The public has condemned looting and killing against civilians, instead of looting and killing civilians.
Incorrect use of cases is considered a gross speech error. To become a literate and intelligent speaker, you need to learn the rules of declination.
