What is the dative case in Russian?

The Russian language has six cases, whichExpress certain roles of nouns in sentences: nominative, genitive, dative, accusative, trophic, prepositional. One of the indirect cases is the dative case in Russian. It occupies a special place in comparison with other indirect cases, since it is opposed to them in that it has its own semantics.

Дательный падеж указывает на объект, к которому action is directed at the addressee (for example, writing to the sister, helping parents), on the subject (for example, rejoicing at the birth, belonging to the child), on the object of state and property (for example, loyalty to what was said, devotion to the owner). It expresses the attitude that determines the purpose of the object (a hymn to work), is used in impersonal sentences to transfer the state of the subject (the child was unwell, wanted to sleep). The Dative case answers the question (you can sometimes mentally substitute the word “give”) “to whom?”, “What?”, “Where?”, “Where?”.

Dative case, compared to othersindirect cases, can be used with a smaller number of antiderivative prepositions (“k” and “on”). In the subversion, the dative case in the Russian language with the preposition "to" can perform the function of an informative-complementary form (refer to the most famous sayings), have an objective meaning (respect for parents), have a definitive meaning (by location: go to the door; by time : warming by noon; purpose and purpose: food for dinner).

In an unconditional position dative case withthe preposition "to" has the meaning of a predicative attribute (ability to sing), an objective meaning when determining (this dress lacks something bright), the definitive and adverbial meaning of place and time (by the evening it is warmer). When using the preposition “on” in the subjective position, the dative case has the following meanings: object (knock on wood, miss brother), definitive with values ​​of place (walk along the road), time (sleep at night), reasons (say by mistake), goals (call for verification). In an unconditional position, these are the values ​​of the predicative attribute (longing for the parental home), the subjective meaning (everything is left on the book) and the definitive meaning (the store does not work on Sundays).

Dative case is combined with suchneprovoobraznymi prepositions: in contrast to (said), thanks to (mother), contrary to (himself), after (company), contrary to (fate), in relation to (professor), according to (contract), according to (goals), judging by ( quantity). When declining nouns it is especially worth paying attention to the dative case, the endings in which depend on the type of declension of the noun itself. Nouns I declensions (masculine and feminine, which end in “-a”, “-i”) in the dative case of the ending have “-e”, “-i” in the singular (for example, mom, wall, history, aunt ) and "-am", "-yam" - in the plural (for example, mothers, uncles).

Nouns of the second declension (male andneuter ending with a zero ending and ending in "-o") the singular endings have "-y", "-y" (for example, window, table) and plurals - "-th", "-yam" (for example, windows , tables) in the dative case. The names of the third declension nouns (ending in a soft sign) in the dative case, the terminations have “-i” in the singular (for example, by night, by fabric) and “-s”, “-y” - in the plural (for example, at night on fabrics).