Synonyms, paronyms, antonyms, homonyms - theseThe words familiar to everyone from school, for sure, caused difficulties in studying. The difficulty in memorizing these terms and their essence arises not only among schoolchildren. Because of the uselessness of using to get confused about what is what, adults can also. Let's talk about homonyms. In the most general sense, these are words that sound the same, that is, they have the same pronunciation. But not everything is so simple. Consider the concept of homonymy in more detail.
Speaking about homonyms in general, you canto conclude that homonyms are words that have absolutely different meanings, although they coincide in sounding or writing. But this homonymy does not end there. Researchers on different understand homonymy because of the divergence in the question, what is the language form. Some linguists see it as an exceptionally sound shell, while others include the notion of linguistic form and writing. Therefore, there are different classifications of homonyms.
According to generally accepted opinion and classification,homonyms - this is a common name for homographs, homophones and absolute homonyms. Homophones are words that are read alike, well, or almost the same, but they are written in different ways, that is, they have different graphic forms with the same phonetic. Homonyms
bear / bare. Although these words are pronounced equally, but the meaning is different - bear / rock, strip.
Read / red - read / red - [red - red].
Unlike them, homographs, on the contrary, are written in the same way, but are read in different ways. For example, even the form of one verb read in the present and past tense
read / read - [ri: d - red] can be an omograph.
The homonymy of English affects not only parts of speech, but also morphemes, for example, ending -ing of long times and gerundial forms.
Absolute homonyms, in turn, differ in their semantic meaning and in their partial affiliation. For example, three identical words
match / match / match have fit - fit, contest - contest, person - the right person, the "second half", a member of the team.
Linguists divide the words-homonyms into full andpartial. Full-name homonyms, which coincide throughout the paradigm, in simple terms, they are the same in all forms of the word. Partial can coincide only in certain forms of words. Quoting V. Vinogradov, it can be said that partial homonyms are in a greater degree a characteristic characteristic of the so-called inflectional languages (that is, for languages in which words are formed with the help of endings or inflections). But in English, this language phenomenon is also not uncommon.
There is another classification of homonyms. In accordance with it, grammatical, lexical, and lexical-grammatical types of homonyms are distinguished. Lexical
- light / light, physical phenomenon and peace;
- boxer / boxer, dog breed and boxing athlete;
- pen / pen, door handle and pen for writing.
Grammar homonyms, although they have semantic (semantic) commonality, are different parts of speech. For example, English words
mere (n.) - a small lake, and mere (adv.) - no more than, are just grammatical homonyms.
Lexico-grammatical homonyms are words that are identical in spelling, but different in sound and meaning. For example, then / then - adv. then tv n. (by whom? how?) then (Im. n.pot).
