Under the text is understood as fixed ona certain carrier of human thought. In a narrower sense, this is a coherent and sequential transmission of symbols. The text exists in two forms (written and oral) and is determined on the basis of such features as the semantic integrity and jointness (otherwise, the selection of fragments in it). Text can not be considered one sentence. There must be at least two of them.
Styles and text types
Consider what texts are. Russian language highlights the following styles:
Colloquial
Used for easy communication, where the authorcan share his thoughts in an informal setting. Example: "Hello, friend! How are you? I'm fine, I got a new job and I do not have time now. "
Book
- Publicistic.For this style is characterized by consistency, emotionality, appraisal, recruitment. The main feature is socio-political vocabulary. The words are emotionally colored, the solemn vocabulary and the use of short sentences are inherent. Example: "By 6 years of imprisonment, the deputy head of Mosgorbank Petrov Nikolai was sentenced for embezzling 330 million rubles."
- Scientific. It is distinguished by a logical sequence of presentation, an ordered system of communication between statements, the desire for accuracy and conciseness.
- Officially-business.The means of written communication, which is used in the sphere of legal relations and management. Example: "By this receipt I, Ivanov Sergey Ivanovich, undertake to return money in the amount of 500 000 (five hundred thousand) rubles until 01.03.2016."
- Art.It is used exclusively in fiction, using all the richness of vocabulary, various styles, emotional speech. This style is aimed at conveying the feelings and thoughts of the author. Example: "Above the river there was a fog that looked like a fresh milk. Birds in the forest almost died down. Another June morning was beginning. "
Types of texts
Initially, the text was supposed to convey the author's opinion and impression of what surrounds him, about people and events. In this connection, let us consider what texts are of the type:
- Narration.The text tells about events that are connected by a time sequence. A distinctive feature is a certain structure: the outset, the development, the denouement. The story is based on the first or third person, using verbs of the perfect form of the past tense.
- ReasoningText containing the study and study of specific subjects and their relationship with each other. Traced a certain pattern and logical structure. The main idea is the thesis, which is formulated at the beginning of the text. Next come the arguments and evidence that confirm or refute this thesis. At the end conclusions are made.
- Description.Text that has a consistent image and description of events, objects and people. You can trace the listing of the characteristic properties and features inherent in the main character. The text is characterized by homogeneous definitions, additions, circumstances, the use of metaphors, comparisons, epithets and other expressive means of the language. The main task is to create an opinion about the described item or hero.
Genres
Genre is a form of speech organization,highlighting and characterizing text types. Also, the genre distinguishes the nature of speech activity and the form of its use. For example, the interview genre is a dialogue, a publicist article is a monologue. At the same time, the article is a written genre, and the report is an oral genre. There is also such a concept as inter-style genre, where one genre can belong to several styles: interview as a genre can be attributed to both official and journalistic style, and an essay, essay or article can be attributed to both scientific and journalistic style
Consider the text genre. What are the literary genres regarding styles:
- Fiction includes such genres as a novel, story, essay, story, fable. This also includes the lyrics in all its manifestations.
- Textbooks include self-study books, lessons, textbooks and manuals - in other words, those documents that are available for study.
- Historical literature includes all genres devoted to past events and key moments in the history of mankind. These are historical essays, poems, dramas, compositions, etc.
- The scientific literature includesspecific texts on specific topics. These are reports, monographs, popular science articles, notes, reference books, essays, encyclopedias, practical advice, memo.
Digital text
What other lyrics are there?In the digital era, such a thing as a digital text appeared. And if before the Internet served only as a means to search for information, now you can find entire libraries with different types of texts on this resource. Today not only newspaper and scientific publications, but also masterpieces of world literature are being digitized. Now it is not necessary to go to the library or bookstore. It is enough to go from any device to the Internet and find the publication of interest.
Primary school study
A detailed study of the text begins in the initialschool, when the teacher introduces children to the types of sentences, establishes a link words in these sentences. Next comes acquaintance with the text and consideration of the topic "What are the texts." Class 2 in this lesson will not only get acquainted with the features of the text structure, children will be asked to compose it themselves, highlighting the main idea and theme. Particular attention is paid to building a dialogue.
