Political regime is a method, according towhich operates the political system in the state. It shows the methods by which power is exercised in the country, describes the measure of people's participation in political life, and, what is very painful in this topic, the general political freedom in a particular society.
The totalitarian regime is, first of all,integrity, control totality. All aspects of the life of society are under the control of the authorities, absolute coherence in the choice of the political direction between society and the government is flourishing (actually because the former has no right to choose), thanks to which the state looks like a whole, not fragmented variety of opinions and positions.
Sophoclesian expression:"The silence - consent" - a natural position for totalitarian regimes, even in cases where the third-party opinions are voiced, not because they do not exist, but because they do not give express. It is not for nothing that this saying originated in the state, which was the first in the world to accept the antagonist of the totalitarian regime - democracy.
History and main features
A totalitarian political regime is a phenomenon,which first arose in Italy. D. Amendola characterized this as the system established by Mussolini, with which the Italian fascists hurriedly agreed and even popularized the concept.
The totalitarian political regime has a number of features:
- Absolute control over society.
- Power takes on a centralized form and is in the hands of a small number of people.
- Increased power control of citizens' actions.
- Advocacy of politics is present in all areas of activity.
- There is a single party in power that does not allow the formation of a new party with a different ideology.
- Total ideologization of the population.
- Allocating your race.
- Massive censorship of the media.
- The rejection of traditions under the pretext of striving for a new, which, it is supposed, is much better than the present reality or the near past.
- Striving to remove boundaries between the individual, civil society and the state.
The most vivid representatives of totalitarian regimes are Nazi Germany, the USSR of the Stalin period and fascist Italy.
The totalitarian political regime and communism
Totalitarianism manifested itself in three forms:communism, fascism and national socialism. The ideas of communism were partially realized with the formation of the USSR. Here the social regime is represented, first of all, in the form of equality. It had to reach a global scale and be economic, social, ideological. The idea of communism was first formulated in the writings of Friedrich Engels and Karl Marx, and Vladimir Lenin undertook the attempt to implement it.
Communism is characterized by all the features of a totalitarianbuilding, including, the allocation of racial features and unity, albeit somewhat veiled: "a single Soviet people." Since the goal of totalitarianism is to replace everything, in this series there is also religion. At that time it was forbidden to visit churches and temples, and the icons were replaced with posters of Lenin, and then Stalin, who continued and toughened this already inhuman system.
The totalitarian political regime and fascism
Here a vivid example is Italy, where Benito Mussolini dominated, who introduced this way.
The simplest way to organize fascist totalitarianism in countries that are experiencing an economic crisis, which was used by a separate group of Italians in the 20s-40s of the 20th century.
It clearly expresses the radical division of society into "higher" and "lower", which is contrary to the ideas of communism.
Fascism is characterized by traditionalism,expressed in the adoption of tradition as one of the basic values, as well as aggressive militarism and leaderism. Mussolini was indeed a leader, always uttered a fiery emotional speech, imposed severe censorship and supported Germany in her military, as well as other equally immoral acts, which led him to death. He was supported by Winston Churchill, counting as a great politician.
The totalitarian political regime and National Socialism
Another form of totalitarianism -National Socialism, or, more simply, Nazism. In this field, Germany distinguished, whose people gave the right of power to Adolf Hitler in 1920, who managed to combine anti-Semitism, racism and fascism in his insane ideology. Here, totalitarianism is based on the idea of the racial characteristics of the nation (social Darwinism), which is strangely intertwined with the liberation of its living space in Eastern Europe (although the Germans, and in the Nazi interpretation of the Aryans, were not so much as to fit in Germany) ; also because of this ideology mass destruction of representatives of the Jewish nation was realized, because A. Hitler thought that they are trying to capture the world and their appearance has the features of inferiority. These are very ephemeral theories, at the moment scientists are inclined to believe that this was not a goal, but a means, a fabricated motive motivated by the unrestrained desire of the authorities, which is based on the psychological problems of the former Fuhrer.
National Socialism, fortunately, ceased to exist in such a global manifestation, and the modern world rejects its ideas and directions, considering this phenomenon a great mistake of history.
