One of the leading characteristics of any stateis a political (he is a state) regime. In fact, it is he who becomes the determining force that influences the formation and functioning of the institutions of state power.
Through it can be implementedtransformation as a form of government, and administrative-territorial structure. And in order to understand how these processes proceed, it is necessary to clearly understand what the political regimes are. Therefore, it is necessary to define them, to reveal the main characteristics and types.
Political regimes and their types
In science, the state regime is defined asa combination of methods and methods of functioning of public authorities. And it depends on what this strategy of governing the country represents, the type of political regime depends. Therefore, it is necessary to identify the main criteria by which the classification is carried out.
The first sign Is a method of management. Political regimes rely on three main ways of applying power, to which they include: the method of legal coercion, the method of violence and the combination of the first two methods.
The second sign the degree of public participation in governancestate. Most countries are positioned as republics, i.e. power de jure belongs to the people. But the political regimes reflect the real situation in this area, namely: who de facto controls the state.
The third sign is observance of the universally recognized human and citizen rights. This may include legal and factual observance of natural and other rights. The fourth sign there is the presence of political pluralism, both regulated by the basic law, and its actual existence.
Depending on these parameters, political regimes are divided into democratic and anti-democratic.
To date, democracy has become the onlyan acceptable method of exercising state power. This statement is based on the fact that the management of the affairs of the state is based on the method of legal coercion, the fixed human and citizen rights are fully realized and have the fullest legitimate protection. In addition, the people directly participate in the governance of the state, even when the form of government is considered a monarchy. It is in the latter case that the existence of political pluralism is most fully reflected.
Antidemocratic (in some cases, theircalled terrorist) regimes represent a complete or partial opposition to the first species. The administration of affairs of the state is carried out on the basis of the method of violence or partial combination of legitimate coercion and violence, and the advantage is exercised in favor of the latter. The people appear in this case only as an instrument for the arrival of a certain political force to power, and the rights of a single individual stand below the interests of the state and its main force. Accordingly, political pluralism appears as a decorative phenomenon rather than a real one.
Such regimes are divided into two main categories -totalitarian and authoritarian. The first differs from the second only in the degree of visibility of observance of universal human rights and freedoms. At the same time in the authoritarian regime the leading role is played by the so-called. "Cult of personality".
Political Regimes of Russia
Speaking about modern Russia as a whole, it is necessarynote that the democratic regime operates on its territory. However, in political science it is customary to distinguish such a concept as the regional political regimes of Russia. Here we are talking about the types of democratic state regime and the so-called "transitional regime". Depending on the development of this or that region, as well as on the prevailing socio-cultural traditions, a certain political regime is formed. But it is worth remembering that regardless of their kinds, regions are obliged to comply with the provisions of the Constitution enshrined in the Constitution.
Political regimes and their types are visiblea reflection of the true "state-person" relationship in a particular country. Therefore, when predicting the development of a particular state, one should carefully study the political regime in its legal and factual version.
