The October Revolution is a complex, ambiguousphenomenon in the life of the Russian state, which still causes a lot of controversy. It was caused by many reasons and assumptions, which inevitably should lead to such a grandiose resolution of the problems that have ripened in the country.
From 1914 to 1918, Russia experienced the First World Warwar, the cause of which was the struggle for influence due to the lack of a single legal and market mechanism in Europe. Russia in it was forced to take a defensive position, the army lost many soldiers and suffered permanent defeats. Against this background, the situation has developed so that the country has remained without an authoritative government. At the same time, negative factors were growing in the economy (shortage of raw materials, transport, labor, rising prices, etc.). Among politicians, in organizations and circles, conspiracies against Tsar Nicholas II began to ripen.
The October Revolution had its causes andsubjective, and objective nature. The class contradictions, which reached their apogee by 1917, can be classed as objective. The bourgeoisie did not have time to take measures to reduce the intensity of the class struggle. The situation in the countryside was even more acute. Neither the reform of 1861 nor the Stolypin reforms resolved the problems of the peasants who wanted to own land and the right to dispose of it. In addition, in the village there was a clear differentiation of the peasantry itself. The beginning of the revolution accelerated the national movement, which intensified after the February revolution. The overwhelming mass of the population had a very hard time surviving the hardships of war and hungering for peace. Especially it concerned soldiers.
The October Revolution of 1917 was an event that led to the transformation of the feudal state into a bourgeois state.
The Provisional Government could not decideaccumulated problems of society (issues of peace, land and bread). Against this background, the significance of the Soviets, which promised to give the people what they expected, was clearly noticeable.
The October Revolution had subjectivecauses. The people were very popular socialist ideas. In addition, there already existed in Russia a party that advocated radical transformation and is ready to raise the masses for the revolution. It was a Bolshevik party with a strong leader - VI Lenin.
In such conditions, the opposition of the regime in the person ofBolsheviks, who conducted active anti-war and anti-government agitation and advocated the transfer of power to the Soviets, was supported by the people. Lenin demanded an immediate armed uprising. Kerensky and the provisional government began to draw troops to Petrograd. And the Presidium of the Petrograd Soviet and the Executive Committee (L. Trotsky) supported the course of Lenin.
To coordinate the actions of the rebels,Politburo (included V. Lenin, LI Stalin, Trotsky, A. Bubnov, G. Zinoviev, L. Kamenev) and the Petrograd Military Revolutionary Committee (J. Sverdlov, F. Dzerzhinsky, J. Stalin, etc.). The Bolshevik commissars were appointed commanders of military posts. The Provisional Government transferred to the destruction of the Bolshevik printing presses in order to prevent Soviet agitation.
The October Revolution began with an armed uprising on October 24. Immediately, bridges on the Neva, Central Telegraph, Nikolaevsky Station, State Bank were seized, military schools were blocked, etc.
On the night of October 25 to October 26, with the Aurora volley,began the assault of the Winter Palace. The Provisional Government lost power. The Bolsheviks were at the head of the state. At the Second All-Russian Congress of Soviets, Decrees were passed on power (its transition to the Soviets), peace (without indemnities and annexations) and land (abolition of private ownership of land, its redistribution among peasants). At the Congress, the Council of People's Commissars was created - a governmental body that was supposed to work before the convocation of the Constituent Assembly. It included V. Lenin (chairman); I. Teodorovich, A. Lunacharsky, N. Avilov, I. Stalin, V. Antonov, and others. A new staff of the Central Executive Committee was elected.
The October Revolution was natural in Russian history and had many obvious prerequisites.
