The overwhelming majority of people unite incertain groups and teams. Why? As for other living beings, the condition for the survival of people is their interaction. One person is unlikely to achieve serious results, acting alone.
All types of social groups according to their order can be divided into several main types: the crowd, the public and the social organization.
The crowd is a spontaneous gathering of people, whicharises suddenly. These people are usually united by common interests and desires - for example, it concerns excited football fans or participants in any political rally. As soon as the reason that caused them to get together disappears, this temporary group disappears. The crowd is a completely unorganized cluster of people, driven by emotions. Therefore, it is often a destructive force and much less often - creative.
The audience differs from the crowd in that it is not emotions and instincts that bind this in this conditional association of people, but the general opinion, as well as members of the public, can be geographically disconnected.
A social organization is a special group,which is characterized by closeness and hierarchy, the members of which are united by the same goals. It differs from the crowd or the public by its internal consistency, the existence of a set of certain rules, the coordination of its members, the common goal and common activities.
The structure of the organization, the purpose of its activities and existence are two main factors on which the type of organization depends, its viability, effectiveness, etc.
It has long been noted that the performance of workthe combined forces of several people are much more effective than the simple addition of the efforts of these people, doing the same thing one by one. In the first case, the results of actions of each of the team members can be strengthened by the support of others, the consistency of the work. The effectiveness of the organization's actions increases many times in the event that the principle of the division of labor operates in it. Take, for example, a football team. In it, besides the attackers, there are goalkeepers, defenders, attackers and midfielders; if each player performed the functions of both the goalkeeper, defender, and attacker, then the effectiveness of the actions of the whole team would fall sharply.
Social organizations are mainlysecondary groups, i.e. to formalized ones. The primary ones are associations of people, primarily related to interpersonal relationships. As for the objectives of activities in such associations, they are of three types. The first concerns programs of action, which are issued by organizations of a higher rank. The goals of the system are the totality of the goals of all team members. And the third type, affecting the system of activity, combines the aspirations to preserve and develop this organization. These three types of goals are basic.
With the development of civilization new types appearedorganizations. This was facilitated by the emergence of industrialization, social instability, new forms of government and global globalization. Types of organizations that have emerged relatively recently are corporations, syndicates, trade unions, etc. And such as: state institutions, clubs, forest districts, etc. - were known long before them.
Types of organizations differ due to their origin, goals, structure. There are many of them, but they are distinguished by several basic varieties.
The main types of social organizations: charismatic, total, voluntary, bureaucratic.
The first include groups managed by a strongleader, stand out as a person. The relationship to members of a given association depends on how close they are to him. The leader, as a rule, if not idolized, at least, highly appreciated. The clearest example of such an association is Jesus Christ and his followers, i.e. the first Christian community.
Voluntary organizations have nothing to do withstate bodies, membership is completely voluntary, formed to meet the specific interests of the members of the organization. The most striking example of this is the trade unions.
The total can include state, religious, national, etc.
Administrative (bureaucratic) functionsstrictly according to established rules, which regulate the distribution of responsibilities between their members. There is a vertical control. In such organizations, it is very important to establish business ties between their participants for the successful achievement of the goals of common activities. An example of a social institution of this type is the government.
On rationality in the process of achieving common goals, there are such types of organizations: rational and traditional. The latter include, for example, religious.
