Constitutional monarchy is a kindgovernment controlled. At the same time, there are independent courts and a parliament in the state. The power of the ruler is limited by the constitution. Characteristic features of this type of control are the civil sheet and countersignature.
The last one is the signature of the ruler’s actminister or head of government. The contract signature indicates that the person responsible for this act (both political and legal) is responsible for this act. Formally, this is explained by the fact that the monarch himself, being the head of state, is not responsible for his actions. Contraignation introduced in the early 18th century in England. Thus, an effective means of restricting royal power was created. Since the advent of contraignation, the monarchical form of government finally won in England and several other countries.
Civil List is the amount of money thateach year is allocated for the maintenance of the king. The amount of payment is established with the entry of each king to the throne. Subsequently, the amount of money may be increased, but not reduced.
In accordance with the degree of restriction of royal power, a parliamentary and dualistic structure of government is distinguished.
В некоторых азиатских и африканских государствах there is a dualistic system. This, for example, countries with a constitutional monarchy, such as Morocco, Jordan and others. The dualistic system is considered the original form of the limited power of the king. Its feature is the concentration in the hands of the ruler of a greater amount of authority.
The dualistic constitutional monarchy is a historical transitional period from absolutism to a parliamentary form of limited government.
With dualistic managementlegislative power (in principle) belongs to parliament. It is chosen by subjects or a certain part of them (with qualifying electoral rights). Executive power is concentrated in the hands of the king. He sells it either directly, or through the government. Judicial power also belongs to the king. However, it may be more or less independent.
At the same time, the separation of powers in this typeThe controls are usually incomplete. Despite the fact that laws are passed in parliament, the king has the right to impose an absolute veto. This act does not allow the enacted law to enter into force. In addition, the dualistic constitutional monarchy implies the king’s unlimited power to issue edicts. Thus, the ruler can take acts of "extraordinary nature", the strength of which is equal to the force of laws.
The main feature of the dualistic system is the king's right to dissolve parliament, introducing absolutism in the state.
Если структура предполагает наличие government, then it is responsible for their actions only to the king. Parliament can influence the government only through its rule to set the state budget. It should be noted that this is quite a powerful method of exposure applied only once a year. At the same time, when they come into conflict with the government, deputies are under the constant threat of the dissolution of parliament.
Dualistic constitutional monarchycharacterized by the presence of an authoritarian political regime. Experts characterize the state regime as a compromise between the "ruling party" and the rest of the society, where the king dominates with his entourage.
Among modern state-representativesdualistic management should be called Thailand. In his constitution it is written that the king ascends the throne not according to the law, but “in accordance with a respected tradition” and no punishment is imposed on him.
