Monument to Yuri Dolgoruky in Moscow. Monument to Yury Dolgoruky in Kostroma

Even the most avid moskvved not able toName the exact number of monuments in the main city of our country. Sculptures of various sizes adorn or spoil our capital. They are dedicated to legendary personalities and great historical events. Their diversity is so great that it is impossible to describe all this. From their pedestals, famous doctors, pilots, composers, revolutionaries, scientists, sculptors, rulers and even the founder of this beautiful city, which is our capital, gaze upon passers-by.

До середины прошлого века на Тверской площади There were various monuments of Moscow, but their fate was not long until it was decided to celebrate its 800th anniversary with a special scale in the main city of the country. In the postwar years it was the first large-scale holiday, which was also planned to be a dress rehearsal for another anniversary celebration, the thirtieth anniversary of the October Revolution. It was also the time when the monument to Yury Dolgoruky was founded in Moscow, which still stands here and pleases the eyes of guests and residents, being a landmark of the capital.

A bit of history

It is believed that the main city of our countryfounded in 1147, but this date is only the first mention of it in the annals. In fact, even then, historians knew that a settlement existed at this place at least two hundred years before Dolgoruky, so the prince could not found it at all. The only mystery that has not been solved so far is the construction of the ancient settlement: was it erected by Yuri, or before him. Nevertheless, this date has become traditional, and the prince’s figure was given special attention.

The creation of a monument

One year before the anniversary celebration by orderStalin organized an expedition to the Ukrainian capital in order to find the remains of Yuri Dolgoruky. At its head was an anthropologist and archaeologist Gerasimov. According to the idea of ​​the head of state, the reburial of the ashes was to take place at the celebration. But when studying this place, which is considered the official burial of the prince, it turned out that it turned out to be false.

In the same year a competition was announced for the bestthe project on which the monument to Yury Dolgoruky will be executed in Moscow. Despite the participation of prominent sculptors of the country, the best turned out to be Orlov, who then worked mainly with small porcelain plastic and was not at all engaged in monumental sculpture. For this project, the sculptor was awarded the Stalin Prize - the highest award at that time.

Career takeoff Orlov. Legend of the origin of the monument

With the personal involvement of the leader of the career no onefamous artist began to develop rapidly. It happened in a very short interval between the end of the Second World War and the beginning of the cold one. Legend has it that during the ongoing exhibition of folk art, the American ambassador liked the clay cockerel, the author of which was Orlov. Molotov gave him this toy, while the author promised it to the local Palace of Pioneers. At the end of the exhibition, Orlov decided to find out the fate of his creation and wrote a letter to the exhibition organizers, but this correspondence did not give any results. Therefore, Orlov sent a letter of complaint to Stalin. These events coincided with the omission of the Iron Curtain, and Molotov had a big curse for preferring the American diplomat to the Soviet pioneers.

After that, the leader offered to do sculptorthe project on which the monument to Yury Dolgoruky will be executed in Moscow. But due to the fact that Orlov had no experience, the co-authors Stahm and Antropov were attached to it.

There is also a version that the author won the competition, and his project of this Moscow landmark (photo posted in the article) really turned out to be the most successful.

Approval of the final version of the monument. Another legend

After a careful examination of the model, the leader emergedthe question of why the prince is sitting on a mare, and not on a stallion, which would give the image of the founder of the capital of masculinity. As a result, the authors urgently made all the necessary changes. In the days of Khrushchev, this story got a kind of continuation.

Bookmark monument

The monument to Yuri Dolgoruky in Moscow was laid inThe celebration of the 800th anniversary of the founding of the capital. Despite the ceremony, the city will not soon see this monument, mainly because of the extremely unsociable character of Orlov. His co-authors tried to convince him that the techniques of small plastics are not always applicable in monumental art. In addition, the sculptor was constantly in conflict with the authorities, who against his will wanted to mention the Soviet government on the monument, but here the author defended his point of view. And funding was insufficient due to several projects that began at that time, including the construction of Stalin's skyscrapers.

Monument to Yuri Dolgoruky. Opening

In a solemn atmosphere, only seven years afterthe moment it was laid, the opening of the monument. It was made at the Mytishchi factory, and it cost the city budget five and a half million rubles. Since historians have no reliable information about the appearance of the prince, thanks to the authors, he appeared before us in the form of a Russian hero, on the shield of which is the sign of St. George the Victorious, and on the body is armor.

Kostroma. Foundation History

The most vibrant and beautiful city, one ofrepresentatives of the Golden Ring of our country, which includes the oldest cities of our country, is Kostroma. Just five years after the foundation of the future capital, it was erected on the Volga River thanks to Yuri Dolgoruky. The great historian Tatishchev offered this version, who linked this event with the active work of the prince in the north-east of the country. He laid the city during the campaign of Yuri in the land of the Kazan Bulgarians. But there is no evidence pointing to these facts, there is also no justification for other versions of the formation of the city.

Учёные до сих пор не могут прийти к единому opinion regarding the origin of the name of the city. It may have come from the name of the river Bonfire, on which this village stands. But along with this there are other hypotheses.

Today Kostroma is smallbut a fairly developed city, which is famous for its light industry, as well as other enterprises. This city is rightly called the cradle of the royal dynasty, and it was here that the Snow Maiden was born.

Monument to the founder of the city

In gratitude to its founder afterthe celebration of the 850th anniversary of the city was erected a monument to Yuri Dolgoruky, where is the recently called Soviet, and now Voznesenskaya Square. This truly solemn and long-awaited moment took place thanks to numerous sponsorship.

And the Patriarch’s visit preceded this event.Alexy II, who presented Kostroma with a capsule with the ground taken from the prince’s burial site. At the place of the future monument, a solemn ceremony was held to lay a stone consecrated by Archbishop Alexander. After this event, many residents of the city watched as the pledged monolith zamotorochil.

What does the monument to the founder of Kostroma look like?

Размеры монумента поражают.It weighs four tons, and the height of the monument is four and a half meters. The material from which it is made is top quality bronze. The project, on which the monument to Yury Dolgoruky was created (photo on the left), belongs to the eminent Moscow sculptor, known for his works (restoration of the Worker and Collective Farmer, to the monument to F. Chaliapin) V. M. Tserkovnikov. His co-authors were the artist Kadyberdeev and the architect Morozov.

A rather massive bronze sculpture, which is represented by fifteen pieces connected by welding seams, was cast in the capital of Tatarstan. This work lasted more than two months.

Монумент представлен в виде восседающего на throne of the Grand Duke. Indicating that in the near future there will be a new city, he extends his right hand in front of him. Like a cross, in his left hand, Dolgoruky holds a sword, emphasizing that he came here as a conqueror, but not a warrior. Cap Monomakh adorns the head of the prince. In the sun, the monument shimmers and shines, as if cast from gold. This effect is achieved through a special sandblasting method, which consists in cleaning with special sand.

Today, the square on which stands the monument to Yuri Dolgoruky in Kostroma, is the most popular place for both citizens and guests of this city.