Om is a river flowing in Western Siberia.It belongs immediately to the three basins: the Irtysh, the Ob and the Kara Sea. The first information about the Omi River can be found in the Siberian Drawing Book, which was compiled in 1701 by Semyon Remezov. In our article we will discuss the Omi River, its features, geographical location and interesting facts about this water body. Well, now in more detail.
Name
The name Om river received from the Turkic word "quiet" ("om"). And in the Irtysh and Barab, the local population calls her diminutive: Omka.
Location:
Lake Omsk, from where originates the river Om,located among the marshes on the Vasyugan valley and is the source. Further, the river stretches along the Barabinsk lowland. The mouth of Omi is located in Omsk, on the right bank of the Irtysh.
Description of the river
The drainage area of the Omi River is 52,600square kilometers. On average, water consumption per year is 64 cubic meters per second, and the maximum is 814. The length of the Om river is 1091 km. In Soviet times, the river went from Kuibyshev to the pier Ust-Tark. Now Om is not included in the list of important Russian inland waterways. The main tributaries of the river:
- Achairka.
- Icha (upper and lower tributaries).
- Ugurmanka.
- Uzakla.
- Kama.
- Tarka
- Tarbuga
- Tartas
Small tonnage vessels run along the river, but onlystarting at the confluence of Tartas. In the upper reaches of the river flows through the marshy and forest areas. Then the steppe begins, and on the shores - the first settlements. Further, they become more and more cities appear. Many fishermen are interested in the question of what kind of fish is found in the river Om. There are many in it:
- starlet;
- nelma;
- fritters;
- pike perch;
- pikes;
- perch;
- carp;
- roach.
River valley
The river valley is unclear, the slopes merge withsurrounding area. In addition to the upper course, it looks like a trapezoid, asymmetric in some places. The width of the valley is from two hundred meters to eighteen kilometers. In the upper reaches, the slopes are gentle, and in the lower reaches - steep, sometimes steep. There are plowed.
Floodplain omi
River floodplain is two-sided, in some placesswamped and crossed by separate manes. Below - one-sided. The minimum width of the floodplain is two hundred and fifty meters, the maximum is sixteen and a half kilometers.
Channel and course
The width of the Omi channel during low-flow periods is from 40 to 84meters In some places on bends - from 110 to 220 m. Depth on shallows from 0.3 to 1.5 meters, and in the reaches from 2 to 4.1 m. The current is quiet, its speed - from 0.3 to 1.4 meters per second. The channel is not clear, five kilometers from the source. This segment appears as small extensions in the form of mini-lakes, which are connected to each other. And the lower channel is unbranched and very sinuous.
River Features
Om is a river fed by melting snow.High water begins in May and lasts until July (sometimes inclusive). Ice age starts in late October or early November. The ice begins to descend in April or early May. The low-lying shores are open, the bushes grow wildly on them.
The width of the Omi varies in the upper reaches from 15 to 25 m, in the middle from 150 to 180, and in the lower reaches to 220 meters. Depth can vary from half a meter to 5.5 m in the lower reaches and from 0.2 to 3 m in the upper reaches.
In 1982A barge flooded by Kolchak was discovered at the mouth of the river during dredging operations. There was a sinking in 1918. Artillery ammunition was found on the barge. A bulk dam was built around the flooded vessel. From 1982 to 1984, the sappers took out, removed and undermined the ammunition found on the river bottom.
Near the place where Om flows into the r.Irtysh, archaeologists have found an ancient settlement, called the Big Log, with an area of 2500 square meters. Dwellings, inventory and ceramics of late Clay appearance were found. In addition to this log, there are several others flowing into Om: the Slain, Syropyatsky, Kornilov, and two Nameless (at the small treehouse of Samarinka and the district center Kormilovka).
Ecology
Om - the river, which in the spring is capricious.It spreads heavily and drowns the surrounding plains. In the eighties, the river even "bloomed", covered with lush vegetation. For the passage of ships had to be cleaned from pile fields and dams. To disperse standing water, air cushion ships were launched. They swam to the village Syropyatskogo.
Фото реки Омь показывают, что за последние годы she began to sweep rapidly. Water enters it from Vasyugan bogs and lakes of Novosibirsk. But every year the inflow decreases. And more and more water deficit is felt.
In the federal drinking programthe water of the citizens of Russia, which was adopted in 1999, in the Omsk region in the first place was the completion of the construction of the channel Om - Irtysh. As well as the construction of a reservoir at Kalachinsk.
The main canal was designed and almostbuilt in the Soviet period. It was completed at seventy-five percent. Initially, its development was carried out as part of the irrigation system. This project was approved at the Ministry of Water Management in 1980, on the twenty-fifth of November. But after a while it was allocated in a separate, independent.
The most important tasks in the constructionThe main canal was the water supply of irrigated land in the Omi channel on an area of fifty one thousand hectares. As well as a constant supply of drinking water in the Nizhneomsky, Omsky, Gorky, Kalachinsky and Kormilovsky districts.
Trunk channel, the length of which is 53900 kilometers, originates two kilometers from the village Isakovki, located in the Gorky region. The last 14,800 meters fall on the river bed. Achairki. Two pumping stations were also built.
