The works of Marx, the famous German politicalThe thinker and economist remain popular to this day, despite the fact that this person lived from 1818 to 1883. Together with F. Engels, he laid the foundations of Marxism.
Interesting facts from life
The works of Karl Marx attracted a lively attention of people all over the world to this person. A few interesting details about the writer:
- He was born in the family of a lawyer, a Jew by birth.
- The baptism of the boy was held in the church of evangelists. The father insisted on this, which for him meant the rejection of family faith.
- Initially, there were seven children in the family, but four of them died before reaching adulthood. The other two, except the philosopher, laid hands on themselves, so that he remained the only heir.
- During the revolutionary activities, he was considered an "undesirable person" in Belgium, France and Germany.
- The last 34 years of his life have passed in London.
- Considering its tomb, one can see the call for the unification of the proletarians in all countries.
- Karl Marx, whose biography and books are stillMany people are interested, unique at least in the fact that in 2013 alone, 1,343 thousand objects in various cities of the country were named after him in the territory of the Russian Federation.
- Although it was he who gave impetus to the development of communism, the writer himself never came to Russia.
- His main work was "Capital".
- The life of Karl Marx was cut short on 14.05.1883. He was buried in the Highgate cemetery.
Delving into the work of the philosopher, people show a desire to study his biography in more detail.
Biography of young years
He was born 05.05.1818in the German city of Trier. Parents, father G. Marks and mother G. Presburg, were from rabbinical families. In 1824, they joined the Lutheran faith. The writer's father had a good education. His worldview was largely shaped by the philosophical ideas of Kant and the theories that emerged during the Enlightenment.
In 1835Karl entered the law faculty of the University of Bonn, and then transferred to Berlin. During his school years, the young man was fond of the history and rulings put forward by Fichte. He was impressed by the system formed by Hegel.
The philosopher sympathized with the ideas set forth by Feuerbach, A. Smith, D. Ricardo, Saint-Simon, Fourier, Owen, Weitling, Desami, and Cabet.
Training completed in 1841. In the spring of 1842, he received his doctorate after drawing up a dissertation aimed at comparing and criticizing the natural philosophy of Epicurus and Democritus.
Life path and political activities
In 1843, the marriage of Marx and Jenny von Westfalen, the daughter of a close friend of their family, took place.
After that, he worked in the publication of the Rhenskaya Gazeta.as an editor. In 1843, he moved to the territory of Paris, tied up acquaintance with the Democrats and the Socialists. That's when I met Engels. From 1845 he lived in Brussels. In 1847, he was a member of the secret "Union of the Just." Then Marx and Engels's work "The Communist Manifesto" was written. He acted as a member of the Union of Communists in the period from 1848 to 1849. Revolutionary actions turned into defeat. Then the philosopher returned to Paris. In 1849, his last move was to London.
In the 1950s, he began to develop his own theory of economics. The philosopher often stayed in the library complex of the British Museum, where he collected information for his works.
Ally
Friendship with Engels, which began in 1844,lasted for forty years. Marx occupied the leading position in this duet. It was he who examined the story from a materialistic point of view, developed the theory of value added. However, his friend turned out to be an excellent expert in commerce.
As a friend, he supported an ally in the creative andmoral plan. Most likely, if it were not for this union of like-minded people, the works that appeared at that time would not have gained such popularity. Together they went through the revolution and emigrated to England after its defeat.
Main ideas
Ally Engels financially supportedcompanion, so the work of Marx continued to be published. In 1864 he organized the First International. In 1876, the first volume of Capital was published. The sequel was already published by Engels.
During the last years of his life the philosopherHe took an active part in organizing the joint work of the proletarians. 40s - a period when the biography of Karl Marx and his work abruptly changed due to his transition from democratic and revolutionary ideas to communism. The theory of materialism in history was developed.
Marx's works contain an emphasis on additionalcost. The writer studied the path of becoming capitalism, made an assumption about the inevitable transition to a communist construction of the system of functioning of society and substantiated his point of view. The main factor stimulating such a turnaround was the revolution of the proletarians. At the end of XIX and XX centuries. The main works of Marx had a great influence on the development of society and people's thoughts.
Works
Most fully about the philosopher’s view of economicscan be judged by reading the "Economic and Philosophical Manuscripts", written in 1844. In the same period, he analyzed the view of Hegel on the legal structure in the country. In 1845, the "Holy Family" was published, and a year later - the "German ideology", which Engels co-authored.
In 1847, the philosopher wrote The Poverty of Philosophy. He also studied the peculiarities of the French class struggle in the period of 1848-1850, the civil war, criticized the Gothic program.
Much of the life and work of Karl Marx was devoted to political economy. In this area, he was able to most fully develop and convey his ideas to readers.
In the "Capital" can be traced strict and clearstructure. The philosopher reworked the main ideas of Hegel and presented them in a more complex and detailed form. It describes what capital is, how it is represented in scientific thought and everyday life. The reader receives information about how it is produced. In the second volume, Engels supplemented the work with data on how to enrich it, and in the third, he added a description of the forms of combining the circulation of finance with creation.
The result of employment
Marx's works pushed people toward decisive change. In September 1864, he organized the 1st International, the purpose of which was to unite the workers in various states.
In his Capital, he explained in accessible languagehow capitalism developed and what factors contributed to this. "Criticism of the Gothic program" (1875) was aimed at analyzing the mistakes of the leadership of the German Democrats and Socialists. The philosopher revealed two phases of communism.
Когда в 1876-м 1-й Интернационал был распущен, A new task appeared before the thinker - the creation of parties of proletarians in the countries of the world. These ideas were adopted by V. Lenin. He developed them in the conditions of a later time.
Heritage
Over time, after the death of Marx, many of his views were confirmed in practice. There were those predictions that did not justify themselves. There have been suggestions that they were unfounded.
As the philosopher supposed, industrialproduction depends entirely on the progress of technology and science. There was an increase in the activity of economic lands, capital became transnational, practically all states are present on the international market. Although Marx believed that the revolution would occur in the countries leading the world market, it took place in Russia, which at the time was semi-stagnant. During the conflicts and military actions of the twentieth century, nuances underestimated in the writings of the philosopher came to light, but he was right in most of his ideas.
